Abstract
Management practices that build soil organic matter—including reduced tillage, cover cropping, and compost applications—may be useful for protecting vulnerable crops from extreme weather events, reducing energy costs, and suppressing pests in carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. sativa) production systems. The primary objective of this research was to assess the effects of strip tillage, compost, and carrot cultivar on carrot quality, yield, and profitability. An important secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of tillage and compost on establishment of important weeds in carrot systems—including two species that have developed resistance to linuron: Powell amaranth ( Amaranthus powellii ) and common purslane ( Portulaca oleracea ). Field experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 comparing conventional tillage (CT) to strip tillage (ST) under two rates of mature compost addition (0 or 3 dry t·ha −1 ) for three processing carrot varieties (‘Canada’, ‘Finley’, and ‘Recoleta’). In the ST system, a pre-established barley cover crop was left to grow as a windbreak between crop rows until carrots were established. Partial budget analysis was used to estimate net returns associated with all treatments. Compared with CT, the ST system resulted in 1) either equivalent or greater (2010, Finley cultivar) total carrot yields and net returns; and 2) either equivalent or lower summer annual weed densities. Addition of compost resulted in equivalent (2010) or higher (2009) carrot yields and gross returns but did not affect net returns as a result of the increased costs associated with compost application. Compost reduced the density of common purslane in 2009 but resulted in a threefold increase in the density of Powell amaranth in 2010. Our results demonstrate that both ST and compost applications are potentially valuable tools for improving the profitability of carrot production systems. Future research examining the mechanistic basis for compost and tillage effects on carrots and weeds as well as the long-term effects of these practices on profitability of rotational crops would be helpful for optimizing their use in vegetable production systems.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage gave equivalent or greater total carrot yields and net returns than conventional tillage in 2010 for the Finley cultivar.
- Taxon
- carrot
Daucus carotae0 - Material
- Finleye1
- Treatment
- ST systeme1
- Outcome
- total carrot yields and net returnse1
- Direction
- equivalent or greatere1
- Qualifier
- 2010, Finley cultivare1
- Comparator
- CTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. sativa) production systems”
e1“Compared with CT, the ST system resulted in 1) either equivalent or greater (2010, Finley cultivar) total carrot yields and net returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage gave equivalent or lower summer annual weed densities than conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- ST systeme1
- Interactor
- summer annual weede2weed
- Outcome
- summer annual weed densitiese2
- Direction
- equivalent or lowere2
- Comparator
- CTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. sativa) production systems”
e1“Compared with CT, the ST system resulted in 1) either equivalent or greater (2010, Finley cultivar) total carrot yields and net returns”
e2“either equivalent or lower summer annual weed densities”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost addition increased carrot yields and gross returns in 2009.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- Addition of composte3
- Outcome
- carrot yields and gross returnse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- 2009e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. sativa) production systems”
e3“Addition of compost resulted in equivalent (2010) or higher (2009) carrot yields and gross returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost addition left carrot yields and gross returns equivalent in 2010.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- Addition of composte3
- Outcome
- carrot yields and gross returnse3
- Direction
- equivalente3
- Qualifier
- 2010e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. sativa) production systems”
e3“Addition of compost resulted in equivalent (2010) or higher (2009) carrot yields and gross returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost application did not change net returns because of its increased costs.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- compost applicatione5
- Outcome
- net returnse5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Qualifier
- as a result of the increased costs associated with compost applicatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. sativa) production systems”
e5“but did not affect net returns as a result of the increased costs associated with compost application”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost reduced the density of common purslane in 2009.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- Composte6
- Interactor
- common purslanee6weed
- Outcome
- density of common purslanee6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Qualifier
- 2009e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. sativa) production systems”
e6“Compost reduced the density of common purslane in 2009 but resulted in a threefold increase in the density of Powell amaranth in 2010”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost resulted in a threefold increase in the density of Powell amaranth in 2010.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- Composte7
- Interactor
- Powell amaranthe7weed
- Outcome
- density of Powell amaranthe7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Value
- threefolde7
- Qualifier
- 2010e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. sativa) production systems”
e7“Compost reduced the density of common purslane in 2009 but resulted in a threefold increase in the density of Powell amaranth in 2010”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage and compost are potentially valuable tools for improving the profitability of carrot production systems.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- both ST and compost applicationse1
- Outcome
- profitability of carrot production systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. sativa) production systems”
e1“Our results demonstrate that both ST and compost applications are potentially valuable tools for improving the profitability of carrot production systems”
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- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.