Abstract
We studied the dose-response of `Redchief Delicious' apple [ Malus sylvestris (L) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] fruit to repeated (weekly) dosages of 0.0, 0.02, 0.1, and 1.0 μL·L -1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) by measuring fruit firmness and chlorophyll fluorescence throughout an extended storage period at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C. The rate of firmness loss for nontreated fruit increased with increasing temperature. 1-MCP applied at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 μL·L -1 slowed firmness loss. The 1-MCP dose-response curve for the rate of firmness loss was essentially the same for all five temperatures. A concentration of 1.0 μL·L -1 1-MCP prevented firmness loss at all temperatures for the duration of the study; however, after holding fruit for an additional 7 days at room temperature, the fruit stored at 10 °C softened with increasing storage duration, whereas fruit at stored at higher and lower temperatures did not. The influence of 1-MCP on chlorophyll fluorescence (Fo and Fm) was markedly affected by temperature; Fo increased during storage at higher storage temperatures and this increase was enhanced by 1-MCP. Conversely, Fm decreased during storage and the rate of decline was much greater at the higher storage temperatures; the rate of decline was reduced by 1-MCP, but only at the higher storage temperatures. Photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of nontreated fruit declined with time for all storage temperatures. Treatment with 0.1 and 1.0 μL·L -1 1-MCP only marginally reduced the rate of decline of photochemical efficiency. Sample loss due to decay increased with temperature, but was reduced by 1-MCP at all temperatures.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated apple fruit lost firmness faster at higher temperature.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- increasing temperaturee0
- Outcome
- rate of firmness losse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of firmness loss for nontreated fruit increased with increasing temperature”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly 0.1 μL·L -1 1-MCP slowed firmness loss.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP applied at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 μL·L -1e0
- Outcome
- firmness losse0
- Direction
- slowede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-MCP applied at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 μL·L -1 slowed firmness loss”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The firmness-loss dose-response curve was essentially the same at all five temperatures.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- dose-response curve for the rate of firmness losse0
- Direction
- essentially the samee0
- Qualifier
- all five temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1-MCP dose-response curve for the rate of firmness loss was essentially the same for all five temperatures”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0 μL·L -1 1-MCP prevented firmness loss during the study at all temperatures.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1.0 μL·L -1 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- firmness losse0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Qualifier
- at all temperatures for the duration of the studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A concentration of 1.0 μL·L -1 1-MCP prevented firmness loss at all temperatures for the duration of the study”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
After 7 days at room temperature, fruit stored at 10 °C softened with longer storage.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- stored at 10 °Ce0
- Outcome
- softenede0
- Direction
- softenede0
- Qualifier
- an additional 7 days at room temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after holding fruit for an additional 7 days at room temperature, the fruit stored at 10 °C softened with increasing storage duration”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
After the extra 7 days, fruit stored at higher and lower temperatures did not soften.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- did note0
- Qualifier
- higher and lower temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas fruit at stored at higher and lower temperatures did not”
e1“after holding fruit for an additional 7 days at room temperature”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Fo increased during storage at higher temperatures and 1-MCP enhanced that increase.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- Foe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- higher storage temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fo increased during storage at higher storage temperatures and this increase was enhanced by 1-MCP”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Fm declined during storage faster at higher temperatures.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- higher storage temperaturese0
- Outcome
- Fme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fm decreased during storage and the rate of decline was much greater at the higher storage temperatures”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP reduced the Fm decline rate only at higher storage temperatures.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- rate of declinee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- only at the higher storage temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rate of decline was reduced by 1-MCP, but only at the higher storage temperatures”
e1“Fm decreased during storage”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Photochemical efficiency of untreated fruit declined over time at all temperatures.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- all storage temperaturese0
- Outcome
- Photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm)e0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of nontreated fruit declined with time for all storage temperatures”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
0.1 and 1.0 μL·L -1 1-MCP marginally reduced photochemical-efficiency decline.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Treatment with 0.1 and 1.0 μL·L -1 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- rate of decline of photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- only marginallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 0.1 and 1.0 μL·L -1 1-MCP only marginally reduced the rate of decline of photochemical efficiency”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Decay-related sample loss increased with temperature.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Sample loss due to decaye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sample loss due to decay increased with temperature”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP reduced decay-related sample loss at all temperatures.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- Sample loss due to decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- at all temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sample loss due to decay increased with temperature, but was reduced by 1-MCP at all temperatures”
t0“Apple Fruit”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.