Abstract
Exogenous application of glycinebetaine (GB), an osmoprotectant, increases tolerance to stresses including salinity in various plants. Information on turfgrass, however, is limited. In this study, GB was used to prime turfgrass seeds to enhance salinity tolerance during germination and seedling growth stage when plants are more sensitive to stresses. Unprimed and primed (50, 100, 150, or 200 m m solution of GB or distilled water) seeds of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) (PR), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (TF), creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) (CB), and kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) (KB) were germinated in solutions of distilled water, mannitol (causing osmotic stress only), or NaCl (causing both osmotic and ionic stresses). Their osmotic potential (ψ S ) and salinity level were -0.1 MPa and 0.1 dS·m −1 (no stress), –1.0 MPa and 0.1 dS·m −1 (moderate osmotic stress), and –1.0 MPa and 14.6 dS·m −1 (moderate osmotic and ionic stresses), respectively. Seeds primed with GB showed a higher germination rate (11.0% to 13.9% increase) and seedling growth (19.3% to 20.7% increase) in mannitol or NaCl solution than in distilled water. Different turf species showed different responses to osmotic and ionic stresses. No differences in germination and seedling growth of PR, TF, and KB were observed between mannitol and NaCl treatments, indicating that osmotic stress appeared to more critical than ionic stress under saline conditions. For CB, the seed germination rate and seedling growth were lower (19.3% to 44.2% reduction) in NaCl than in mannitol, showing an accumulative effect of both osmotic and ionic stresses under saline conditions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine priming increased germination rate under mannitol or NaCl by 11.0% to 13.9%.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee1 - Treatment
- primed with GBe0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11.0% to 13.9%e0
- Comparator
- distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds primed with GB showed a higher germination rate (11.0% to 13.9% increase) and seedling growth (19.3% to 20.7% increase) in mannitol or NaCl solution than in distilled water”
e1“seeds of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) (PR), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (TF), creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) (CB), and kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) (KB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine priming increased seedling growth under mannitol or NaCl by 19.3% to 20.7%.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- primed with GBe0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 19.3% to 20.7%e0
- Comparator
- distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds primed with GB showed a higher germination rate (11.0% to 13.9% increase) and seedling growth (19.3% to 20.7% increase) in mannitol or NaCl solution than in distilled water”
e1“seeds of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) (PR), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (TF), creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) (CB), and kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) (KB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial ryegrass germination and growth did not differ between mannitol and NaCl.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- mannitole0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- No differencese0
- Comparator
- NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences in germination and seedling growth of PR, TF, and KB were observed between mannitol and NaCl treatments”
e1“seeds of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) (PR), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (TF), creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) (CB), and kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) (KB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tall fescue germination and growth did not differ between mannitol and NaCl.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceume1 - Treatment
- mannitole0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- No differencese0
- Comparator
- NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences in germination and seedling growth of PR, TF, and KB were observed between mannitol and NaCl treatments”
e1“seeds of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) (PR), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (TF), creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) (CB), and kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) (KB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kentucky bluegrass germination and growth did not differ between mannitol and NaCl.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrass
.jpg?width=60)
Poa pratensise1 - Treatment
- mannitole0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- No differencese0
- Comparator
- NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“No differences in germination and seedling growth of PR, TF, and KB were observed between mannitol and NaCl treatments”
e1“seeds of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) (PR), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (TF), creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) (CB), and kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) (KB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Creeping bentgrass germination fell under NaCl relative to mannitol.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferae1 - Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- seed germination ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 19.3% to 44.2%e0
- Comparator
- mannitole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For CB, the seed germination rate and seedling growth were lower (19.3% to 44.2% reduction) in NaCl than in mannitol”
e1“seeds of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) (PR), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (TF), creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) (CB), and kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) (KB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Creeping bentgrass seedling growth fell under NaCl relative to mannitol.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae1
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 19.3% to 44.2%e0
- Comparator
- mannitole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For CB, the seed germination rate and seedling growth were lower (19.3% to 44.2% reduction) in NaCl than in mannitol”
e1“seeds of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) (PR), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (TF), creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) (CB), and kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) (KB)”
The same questions in other papers
glycine betaine · growth · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
seed treatment · growth · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.