Abstract
2 Abstract: Two field experiments were conducted in an area of newly reclaimed land during two winter seasons of 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 at El-Nuberia Province, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of bio-nitrogen and different levels of mineral nitrogen on vegetative growth, yield and head quality of broccoli (cv. Hybrid Decathlon). The treatments included three bio-nitrogen treatments i.e. without bio- fertilization, Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum were combined with three levels of mineral nitrogen, i.e. 60, 90 and 120 kg N per faddan (one faddan = 0.42 ha). Plants treated with bio-nitrogen had higher vegetative growth, i.e. plant length, leaves number, fresh weight of leaves, stems and total plant, dry weight of leaves and heads, main head yield and physical heads quality (weight and diameter) as well as N, P and K content of leaves and heads of broccoli than the untreated (control). Azotobacter chroococcum treatment is superior in these characters of vegetative growth, main head yield and physical heads quality (weight and diameter), as well as, N, P and K content of leaves and heads of broccoli followed by the treatment of Azospirillum brasilense compared with non-inoculated plants (control). Nitrogen levels differed statistically in their effects on the vegetative growth of broccoli plants (plant height, leaves number per plant, fresh weight of leaves, stems and spears, dry weight of leaves and spears, main spear yield and physical head quality (weight and diameter), as well as, N, P and K content of leaves and heads. The highest vegetative growth was obtained by adding 120 kg N/faddan, followed by 90 kg N/faddan, which came in the second order. The lowest values of vegetative growth, main head yield, physical heads quality and N, P and K of broccoli leaves and heads were obtained by 60 kg N/faddan. The results indicated that combined effect of bio-fertilization and mineral nitrogen levels caused statistical increases in vegetative growth, yield, N, P and K content of broccoli leaves and heads. The highest vegetative growth, yield and chemical contents were obtained by the combined effect of 120 kg N/faddan with bio-nitrogen Azospirillum brasilense.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-nitrogen treated broccoli had higher vegetative growth than untreated control plants.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Treatment
- bio-nitrogene0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with bio-nitrogen had higher vegetative growth, i.e. plant length, leaves number, fresh weight of leaves, stems and total plant, dry weight of leaves and heads, main head yield and physical heads quality (weight and diameter) as well as N, P and K content of leaves and heads of broccoli than the untreated (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-nitrogen treated broccoli had higher main head yield and physical head quality than untreated control plants.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- bio-nitrogene0
- Outcome
- main head yield and physical heads qualitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with bio-nitrogen had higher vegetative growth, i.e. plant length, leaves number, fresh weight of leaves, stems and total plant, dry weight of leaves and heads, main head yield and physical heads quality (weight and diameter) as well as N, P and K content of leaves and heads of broccoli than the untreated (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-nitrogen treated broccoli had higher N, P and K content of leaves and heads than untreated control plants.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- bio-nitrogene0
- Outcome
- N, P and K content of leaves and headse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with bio-nitrogen had higher vegetative growth, i.e. plant length, leaves number, fresh weight of leaves, stems and total plant, dry weight of leaves and heads, main head yield and physical heads quality (weight and diameter) as well as N, P and K content of leaves and heads of broccoli than the untreated (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter chroococcum treatment was superior to non-inoculated control in vegetative growth, main head yield and head quality of broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae2
- Treatment
- Azotobacter chroococcum treatmente2
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume2symbiont
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, main head yield and physical heads qualitye2
- Direction
- superiore2
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plants (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Azotobacter chroococcum treatment is superior in these characters of vegetative growth, main head yield and physical heads quality (weight and diameter), as well as, N, P and K content of leaves and heads of broccoli followed by the treatment of Azospirillum brasilense compared with non-inoculated plants (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter chroococcum treatment was superior to non-inoculated control in N, P and K content of broccoli leaves and heads.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae2
- Treatment
- Azotobacter chroococcum treatmente2
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume2symbiont
- Outcome
- N, P and K content of leaves and headse2
- Direction
- superiore2
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plants (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Azotobacter chroococcum treatment is superior in these characters of vegetative growth, main head yield and physical heads quality (weight and diameter), as well as, N, P and K content of leaves and heads of broccoli followed by the treatment of Azospirillum brasilense compared with non-inoculated plants (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum brasilense treatment ranked second after Azotobacter chroococcum, above non-inoculated control, in vegetative growth, main head yield and head quality of broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae2
- Treatment
- Azospirillum brasilensee2
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee2symbiont - Outcome
- vegetative growth, main head yield and physical heads qualitye2
- Direction
- followed bye2
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plants (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Azotobacter chroococcum treatment is superior in these characters of vegetative growth, main head yield and physical heads quality (weight and diameter), as well as, N, P and K content of leaves and heads of broccoli followed by the treatment of Azospirillum brasilense compared with non-inoculated plants (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
120 kg N/faddan gave the highest vegetative growth of broccoli, ahead of 90 kg N/faddan.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae4
- Treatment
- adding 120 kg N/faddane3
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Comparator
- 90 kg N/faddane3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Nitrogen levels differed statistically in their effects on the vegetative growth of broccoli plants”
e3“The highest vegetative growth was obtained by adding 120 kg N/faddan, followed by 90 kg N/faddan, which came in the second order”
Claim · model-written summary
60 kg N/faddan gave the lowest vegetative growth, main head yield and head quality of broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae5
- Treatment
- 60 kg N/faddane5
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, main head yield, physical heads qualitye5
- Direction
- loweste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The lowest values of vegetative growth, main head yield, physical heads quality and N, P and K of broccoli leaves and heads were obtained by 60 kg N/faddan”
Claim · model-written summary
60 kg N/faddan gave the lowest N, P and K content of broccoli leaves and heads.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae5
- Treatment
- 60 kg N/faddane5
- Outcome
- N, P and Ke5
- Direction
- loweste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The lowest values of vegetative growth, main head yield, physical heads quality and N, P and K of broccoli leaves and heads were obtained by 60 kg N/faddan”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen levels differed statistically in their effect on broccoli vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae4
- Treatment
- Nitrogen levelse4
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Nitrogen levels differed statistically in their effects on the vegetative growth of broccoli plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bio-fertilization and mineral nitrogen levels statistically increased broccoli vegetative growth, yield, and N, P and K content.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae6
- Treatment
- combined effect of bio-fertilization and mineral nitrogen levelse6
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, yield, N, P and K contente6
- Direction
- increasese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The results indicated that combined effect of bio-fertilization and mineral nitrogen levels caused statistical increases in vegetative growth, yield, N, P and K content of broccoli leaves and heads”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of 120 kg N/faddan with Azospirillum brasilense gave the highest vegetative growth, yield and chemical contents of broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae6
- Treatment
- combined effect of 120 kg N/faddan with bio-nitrogen Azospirillum brasilensee7
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee7symbiont
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, yield and chemical contentse7
- Direction
- higheste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The results indicated that combined effect of bio-fertilization and mineral nitrogen levels caused statistical increases in vegetative growth, yield, N, P and K content of broccoli leaves and heads”
e7“The highest vegetative growth, yield and chemical contents were obtained by the combined effect of 120 kg N/faddan with bio-nitrogen Azospirillum brasilense”
The same questions in other papers
Azotobacter chroococcum · quality: general · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nitrogen · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ
143 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
160 papers more in this group
See all 164 papers →nitrogen · quality: general · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →nitrogen · nutrient: content · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →inoculation · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
61 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
62 papers more in this group
See all 66 papers →nitrogen · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
89 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
99 papers more in this group
See all 103 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.