Abstract
A part of every landscape and the basis of the terrestrial food chain, plants are excellent indicators of changing environments. They possess leaves as the above-ground plant organs, made up of a collection of tissues in a regular organization. They are designed to carry out vital functions viz. photosynthesis and exchange of gases and transpiration based on the habitat the plants survive. The depletion of ozone layer due to human activity has become an insurmountable environmental problem in the recent days. It threatens to continue so as the green house gases around the globe increases in thickness and the heat that normally would escape the troposphere and enter the stratosphere no longer does so, leaving the stratosphere cooler. Colder than normal temperatures in this layer enhances ozone depletion. As a result, the UV-B fluence is bound to increase, affecting plants, animals and human beings, and in the long run, the ecosystems too. The present study is an attempt to assess the effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation in the morphology, epidermis and the anatomy of Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1 leaf. The epidermal and anatomical characters of the fully developed third trifoliate leaf from the top on 30 DAS (days after seed germination) Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1 after exposure to supplementary UV-B radiation (2 hours daily @ 12.2 kJ m -2 d -1 ; ambient = 10 kJ m -2 d -1 ) were monitored. UV-B exposure induced various types of malformations in the leaf architecture and created several injuries which were not observed under control conditions. Structurally, the epidermal characteristics exhibited varying trends in all treatments. After UV-B exposure the cuticles on the adaxial epidermis and the mesophylls were thicker by 35.51 and 16.04 % respectively compared to control plants. The mesophyll volume in UV-B stressed leaves also increased by 9.09 % making the leaves thicker by 9.08 %. The trichomes were longer by 33.37 % on adaxial and by 4.88 % on abaxial surfaces but brittle in UV-B treated leaves which were short and healthy in control. The trichome frequency was also increased by 25.66 % on adaxial and by 32.17 % on abaxial surfaces in UV-B exposed plants. The small, shiny and thick leaves of plants in elevated UV-B environment compared poorly to broader, longer and thinner leaves of control plants. The stomatal frequency under UV-B was reduced by 13.97 % on adaxial surface which was compensated by an increase of 52.75 % on the abaxial surface. Abnormal stomata like, persistant stomatal initial, stomata with single guard cell, reduced size, malformations were more in addition to dead epidermal cells on the adaxial surface of UV-B stressed crops. Such aberrations were absent in leaves grown in normal environment. Suffering heavily by the radiation, the UV-B stressed crop modified the foliar characteristics to attenuate the impact to some extent.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B exposure caused leaf malformations and injuries absent under control conditions.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- UV-B exposuree0
- Outcome
- malformations in the leaf architecture and created several injuriese0
- Comparator
- control conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV-B exposure induced various types of malformations in the leaf architecture and created several injuries which were not observed under control conditions.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Epidermal characteristics varied among treatments.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- epidermal characteristicse0
- Direction
- varying trendse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Structurally, the epidermal characteristics exhibited varying trends in all treatments.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B exposure made cuticles on the adaxial epidermis thicker by 35.51 than controls.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-B exposuree0
- Outcome
- cuticles on the adaxial epidermise0
- Direction
- thickere0
- Value
- 35.51e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After UV-B exposure the cuticles on the adaxial epidermis and the mesophylls were thicker by 35.51 and 16.04 % respectively compared to control plants.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B exposure made mesophylls thicker by 16.04 % than controls.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-B exposuree0
- Outcome
- mesophyllse0
- Direction
- thickere0
- Value
- 16.04 %e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After UV-B exposure the cuticles on the adaxial epidermis and the mesophylls were thicker by 35.51 and 16.04 % respectively compared to control plants.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased mesophyll volume by 9.09 %.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- mesophyll volumee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9.09 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mesophyll volume in UV-B stressed leaves also increased by 9.09 % making the leaves thicker by 9.08 %.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased leaves by 9.08 %.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Direction
- thickere0
- Value
- 9.08 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mesophyll volume in UV-B stressed leaves also increased by 9.09 % making the leaves thicker by 9.08 %.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B lengthened trichomes on the adaxial surface by 33.37 %.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- trichomese0
- Direction
- longere0
- Value
- 33.37 %e0
- Qualifier
- adaxiale0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trichomes were longer by 33.37 % on adaxial and by 4.88 % on abaxial surfaces but brittle in UV-B treated leaves which were short and healthy in control.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B lengthened trichomes on the abaxial surface by 4.88 %.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- trichomese0
- Direction
- longere0
- Value
- 4.88 %e0
- Qualifier
- abaxiale0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trichomes were longer by 33.37 % on adaxial and by 4.88 % on abaxial surfaces but brittle in UV-B treated leaves which were short and healthy in control.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B treated trichomes were brittle compared with healthy controls.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- trichomese0
- Qualifier
- brittlee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trichomes were longer by 33.37 % on adaxial and by 4.88 % on abaxial surfaces but brittle in UV-B treated leaves which were short and healthy in control.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased adaxial trichome frequency by 25.66 %.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- trichome frequencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.66 %e0
- Qualifier
- adaxiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trichome frequency was also increased by 25.66 % on adaxial and by 32.17 % on abaxial surfaces in UV-B exposed plants.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased abaxial trichome frequency by 32.17 %.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- trichome frequencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32.17 %e0
- Qualifier
- abaxiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trichome frequency was also increased by 25.66 % on adaxial and by 32.17 % on abaxial surfaces in UV-B exposed plants.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated UV-B yielded small, shiny, thick leaves relative to broader, longer, thinner controls.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- elevated UV-B environmente0
- Outcome
- small, shiny and thick leavese0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The small, shiny and thick leaves of plants in elevated UV-B environment compared poorly to broader, longer and thinner leaves of control plants.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B reduced adaxial stomatal frequency by 13.97 %.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- stomatal frequencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 13.97 %e0
- Qualifier
- adaxial surfacee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stomatal frequency under UV-B was reduced by 13.97 % on adaxial surface which was compensated by an increase of 52.75 % on the abaxial surface.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased abaxial stomatal frequency by 52.75 %.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- stomatal frequencye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 52.75 %e0
- Qualifier
- abaxial surfacee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stomatal frequency under UV-B was reduced by 13.97 % on adaxial surface which was compensated by an increase of 52.75 % on the abaxial surface.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B stressed leaves had more abnormal stomata and dead adaxial epidermal cells.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- Abnormal stomata like, persistant stomatal initial, stomata with single guard celle0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abnormal stomata like, persistant stomatal initial, stomata with single guard cell, reduced size, malformations were more in addition to dead epidermal cells on the adaxial surface of UV-B stressed crops.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B stressed leaves had more stomatal size reduction and malformations.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- reduced size, malformationse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abnormal stomata like, persistant stomatal initial, stomata with single guard cell, reduced size, malformations were more in addition to dead epidermal cells on the adaxial surface of UV-B stressed crops.”
t0“Cucumis sativus L. var. CO 1”
The same questions in other papers
uv · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results differ
28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →uv · crop injury · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
uv · physiology: gas exchange · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.