Abstract
Heating `Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) for 4 days at 38C or pressure-infiltrating them with a 4% CaCl 2 solution reduced decay and maintained fruit firmness during 6 months of storage at 0C. Heating reduced decay caused by Penicillium expansum Link ex Thorn by ≈30%, while pressure infiltration with CaCl 2 reduced decay by >60%. Pressure infiltration with CaCl 2 after heating reduced decay by ≈40%. Pressure infiltration maintained firmness best (>84 N), as measured with a manually driven electronic fruit-firmness probe, followed by heat and CaCl 2 (76 N), heat alone (71 N), and no treatment (control) (60 N). Force vs. deformation (FD) curves from a puncture test with a fruit-firmness probe mounted in a universal testing machine showed that fruit heated before storage were firmer than all nonheated fruit, except those pressure-infiltrated with 4% CaCl 2 . However, FD curves also showed that apples pressure-infiltrated with 4% CaCl 2 differed quantitatively from apples in all other treatments, including those heated.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Heating reduced decay caused by Penicillium expansum by about 30%.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- Heatinge1
- Interactor
- Penicillium expansum Link ex Thorn
Penicillium expansume1pathogen - Outcome
- decaye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- ≈30%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e1“Heating reduced decay caused by Penicillium expansum Link ex Thorn by ≈30%”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure infiltration with CaCl 2 reduced decay by more than 60%.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- pressure infiltration with CaCl 2e2
- Interactor
- Penicillium expansum Link ex ThornPenicillium expansume1pathogen
- Outcome
- decaye2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- >60%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e1“Heating reduced decay caused by Penicillium expansum Link ex Thorn by ≈30%”
e2“while pressure infiltration with CaCl 2 reduced decay by >60%”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure infiltration with CaCl 2 after heating reduced decay by about 40%.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Pressure infiltration with CaCl 2 after heatinge3
- Interactor
- Penicillium expansum Link ex ThornPenicillium expansume1pathogen
- Outcome
- decaye3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- ≈40%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e1“Heating reduced decay caused by Penicillium expansum Link ex Thorn by ≈30%”
e3“Pressure infiltration with CaCl 2 after heating reduced decay by ≈40%”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating maintained fruit firmness during 6 months of storage at 0C.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Heatinge5
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse5
- Direction
- maintainede5
- Setting
- 6 months of storage at 0Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e5“Heating `Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) for 4 days at 38C or pressure-infiltrating them with a 4% CaCl 2 solution reduced decay and maintained fruit firmness during 6 months of storage at 0C”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure infiltration maintained firmness best, above 84 N, compared with heat and CaCl 2.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Pressure infiltratione6
- Outcome
- firmnesse6
- Direction
- maintained firmness beste6
- Value
- >84 Ne6
- Qualifier
- as measured with a manually driven electronic fruit-firmness probee6
- Comparator
- heat and CaCl 2e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e6“Pressure infiltration maintained firmness best (>84 N), as measured with a manually driven electronic fruit-firmness probe, followed by heat and CaCl 2 (76 N), heat alone (71 N), and no treatment (control) (60 N)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat alone gave higher fruit firmness (71 N) than no treatment (60 N).
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- heat alonee6
- Outcome
- firmnesse6
- Direction
- higherinferrede6
- Value
- 71 Ne6
- Comparator
- no treatment (control)e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e6“Pressure infiltration maintained firmness best (>84 N), as measured with a manually driven electronic fruit-firmness probe, followed by heat and CaCl 2 (76 N), heat alone (71 N), and no treatment (control) (60 N)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat and CaCl 2 gave higher fruit firmness (76 N) than no treatment (60 N).
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- heat and CaCl 2e6
- Outcome
- firmnesse6
- Direction
- higherinferrede6
- Value
- 76 Ne6
- Comparator
- no treatment (control)e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e6“Pressure infiltration maintained firmness best (>84 N), as measured with a manually driven electronic fruit-firmness probe, followed by heat and CaCl 2 (76 N), heat alone (71 N), and no treatment (control) (60 N)”
Claim · model-written summary
Apples heated before storage were firmer than nonheated apples, except those pressure-infiltrated with CaCl 2.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- heated before storagee7
- Outcome
- deformation (FD) curvese7
- Direction
- firmere7
- Qualifier
- except those pressure-infiltrated with 4% CaCl 2e7
- Comparator
- nonheated fruite7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e7“Force vs. deformation (FD) curves from a puncture test with a fruit-firmness probe mounted in a universal testing machine showed that fruit heated before storage were firmer than all nonheated fruit, except those pressure-infiltrated with 4% CaCl 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Apples pressure-infiltrated with CaCl 2 differed quantitatively in FD curves from all other treatments, including heated apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae6
- Treatment
- pressure-infiltrated with 4% CaCl 2e6
- Outcome
- FD curvese6
- Direction
- differed quantitativelye6
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e6“However, FD curves also showed that apples pressure-infiltrated with 4% CaCl 2 differed quantitatively from apples in all other treatments, including those heated”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.