Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, L. walp) was subjected to varying water applications under sprinkler irrigation system. The experiment was conducted between January and April of 2013 and 2014 at Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure under four levels of water management. In this study, evapotranspiration and Crop coefficient (kc) of Cowpea were determined using drainage lysimeter. Meteorological data during the growing season were obtained from a meteorological station located within the site of the experiment for the determination of reference evapotranspiration (ETr). Soil samples were collected to determine the soil physical properties such as bulk density and moisture content. The highest reference evapotranspiration (ETr) value of 5.17mm/day occurred during 4WAP and lowest value 4.20mm/day occurred at crop maturity (9 WAP). The mean crop coefficient (Kc) values for emergence, vegetative, flowering/fruiting and maturity stages were 0.37, 0.74, 0.88 and 0.84 respectively. The highest ET was recorded in the treatment block that received the highest amount of irrigation water. There was significant difference in the grain yield and biomass yield among treatments at 5% level significance (p =0.023). The highest grain yield and biomass yield of 1.06 tons/ha and 6.95 tons/ha were observed with fully irrigation, while the lowest grain yield and biomass yield of 0.71 tons/ha and 3.48 tons/ha were observed in the lowest irrigation treatment as a result of moisture availability that contributed to the yield. Therefore, the grain yield and biomass yield increase progressively with water application. The findings from the research could serve as useful guide in the irrigation of cowpea in similar soil and climate.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Reference evapotranspiration was highest at 4WAP at 5.17mm/day.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Organ / stage
- 4WAPe0
- Outcome
- reference evapotranspiration (ETr)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.17mm/daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“The highest reference evapotranspiration (ETr) value of 5.17mm/day occurred during 4WAP”
Claim · model-written summary
Reference evapotranspiration was lowest at maturity at 4.20mm/day.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- crop maturity (9 WAP)e0
- Outcome
- reference evapotranspiration (ETr)e0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 4.20mm/daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“The highest reference evapotranspiration (ETr) value of 5.17mm/day occurred during 4WAP and lowest value 4.20mm/day occurred at crop maturity (9 WAP).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean Kc at emergence was 0.37.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- emergencee0
- Outcome
- crop coefficient (Kc)e0
- Value
- 0.37e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“The mean crop coefficient (Kc) values for emergence, vegetative, flowering/fruiting and maturity stages were 0.37, 0.74, 0.88 and 0.84 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean Kc at vegetative stage was 0.74.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- vegetativee0
- Outcome
- crop coefficient (Kc)e0
- Value
- 0.74e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“The mean crop coefficient (Kc) values for emergence, vegetative, flowering/fruiting and maturity stages were 0.37, 0.74, 0.88 and 0.84 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean Kc at flowering and fruiting was 0.88.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering/fruitinge0
- Outcome
- crop coefficient (Kc)e0
- Value
- 0.88e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“The mean crop coefficient (Kc) values for emergence, vegetative, flowering/fruiting and maturity stages were 0.37, 0.74, 0.88 and 0.84 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean Kc at maturity was 0.84.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- maturity stagese0
- Outcome
- crop coefficient (Kc)e0
- Value
- 0.84e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“The mean crop coefficient (Kc) values for emergence, vegetative, flowering/fruiting and maturity stages were 0.37, 0.74, 0.88 and 0.84 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ET was highest with the most irrigation water.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- highest amount of irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- ETe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“The highest ET was recorded in the treatment block that received the highest amount of irrigation water.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield differed significantly among irrigation treatments.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- p =0.023e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“There was significant difference in the grain yield and biomass yield among treatments at 5% level significance (p =0.023).”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass yield differed significantly among irrigation treatments.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Value
- p =0.023e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“There was significant difference in the grain yield and biomass yield among treatments at 5% level significance (p =0.023).”
Claim · model-written summary
Full irrigation yielded the highest grain yield, 1.06 tons/ha.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- fully irrigatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.06 tons/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“The highest grain yield and biomass yield of 1.06 tons/ha and 6.95 tons/ha were observed with fully irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Full irrigation yielded the highest biomass yield, 6.95 tons/ha.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- fully irrigatione0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.95 tons/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“The highest grain yield and biomass yield of 1.06 tons/ha and 6.95 tons/ha were observed with fully irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowest irrigation yielded the lowest grain yield, 0.71 tons/ha.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- lowest irrigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 0.71 tons/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“the lowest grain yield and biomass yield of 0.71 tons/ha and 3.48 tons/ha were observed in the lowest irrigation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowest irrigation yielded the lowest biomass yield, 3.48 tons/ha.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- lowest irrigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 3.48 tons/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“the lowest grain yield and biomass yield of 0.71 tons/ha and 3.48 tons/ha were observed in the lowest irrigation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield increased progressively with water application.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- water applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“the grain yield and biomass yield increase progressively with water application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass yield increased progressively with water application.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- water applicatione0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“the grain yield and biomass yield increase progressively with water application.”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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- negative
- negative
57 papers more in this group
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