Abstract
Because of the importance of cannibalism in population regulation of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, Zea mays L., it is useful to understand the interactions between Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic corn and cannibalism. To determine the effects of Bt corn on cannibalism in H. zea, pairs of the same or different instars were taken from Bt or non-Bt corn and placed on artificial diet in proximity. Cannibalism occurred in 91% of pairs and was approximately 7% greater for pairs of larvae reared from Bt transgenic corn (95%) than from non-Bt corn (88%). Also, first instar by first instar pairs had a lower rate of cannibalism than other pairs. Time until cannibalism was not different for larvae from Bt corn versus non-Bt corn. Pupation rate of cannibals and surviving victims was not different for pairs from Bt corn versus non-Bt corn. Finally, cannibalism increased pupation rate of cannibals from both Bt and non-Bt corn by approximately 23 and 12%, respectively, although the increases were not significant. Thus, negative effects of Bt on larvae were compensated by increased cannibalism in comparison with larvae reared on non-Bt corn, which increased larval survival to levels comparable with larvae reared on non-Bt plants.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cannibalism occurred in 91% of Helicoverpa zea larval pairs.
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zea
.jpg?width=60)
Helicoverpa zeae0pest - Outcome
- Cannibalisme1
- Value
- 91%e1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“population regulation of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, Zea mays L.”
e1“Cannibalism occurred in 91% of pairs”
Claim · model-written summary
Cannibalism was about 7% greater for larvae reared on Bt transgenic corn (95%) than on non-Bt corn (88%).
- Treatment
- Bt transgenic corne2
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- Cannibalisme2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- approximately 7%e2
- Comparator
- non-Bt corne2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population regulation of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, Zea mays L.”
e2“Cannibalism occurred in 91% of pairs and was approximately 7% greater for pairs of larvae reared from Bt transgenic corn (95%) than from non-Bt corn (88%)”
Claim · model-written summary
First instar by first instar pairs had a lower rate of cannibalism than other pairs.
- Treatment
- first instar by first instar pairse3
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- rate of cannibalisme3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- other pairse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population regulation of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, Zea mays L.”
e3“first instar by first instar pairs had a lower rate of cannibalism than other pairs”
Claim · model-written summary
Time until cannibalism did not differ between larvae from Bt corn and non-Bt corn.
- Treatment
- Bt corne4
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- Time until cannibalisme4
- Direction
- not differente4
- Comparator
- non-Bt corne4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population regulation of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, Zea mays L.”
e4“Time until cannibalism was not different for larvae from Bt corn versus non-Bt corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Pupation rate of cannibals and surviving victims did not differ between pairs from Bt corn and non-Bt corn.
- Treatment
- Bt corne5
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- Pupation rate of cannibals and surviving victimse5
- Direction
- not differente5
- Comparator
- non-Bt corne5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population regulation of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, Zea mays L.”
e5“Pupation rate of cannibals and surviving victims was not different for pairs from Bt corn versus non-Bt corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Cannibalism increased pupation rate of cannibals from Bt and non-Bt corn by about 23 and 12%, not significantly.
- Treatment
- cannibalisme6
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- pupation rate of cannibalse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- approximately 23 and 12%e6
- Qualifier
- although the increases were not significante6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population regulation of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, Zea mays L.”
e6“cannibalism increased pupation rate of cannibals from both Bt and non-Bt corn by approximately 23 and 12%, respectively, although the increases were not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Cannibalism compensated for negative effects of Bt on larvae, raising larval survival to levels comparable with non-Bt corn.
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- larval survivale7
- Qualifier
- compensated by increased cannibalisme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population regulation of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, Zea mays L.”
e7“negative effects of Bt on larvae were compensated by increased cannibalism in comparison with larvae reared on non-Bt corn, which increased larval survival to levels comparable with larvae reared on non-Bt plants”
The same questions in other papers
Zea mays subsp. mays · Helicoverpa zea · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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See all 17 papers →transgenic · Helicoverpa zea · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.