Abstract
In 1995, ears of a experimental inbred (CG59-2) containing a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis Cry IA (b) gene driven by PEPC, pith and pollen promoters and artificially infested with Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) larvae in small plot studies were free from insect damage, whereas 40-50% of the corresponding non-Bt inbred ears were damaged. Bt inbred ears that were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus Link and Fusarium proliferatum T. Matsushima (Nirenberg) or exposed to natural mold inoculum after infestation with O. nubilalis were free of visible signs of mold, as compared with approximately 30-40% of the non-Bt ears similarly treated. Results in 1996 using the same inbred with a single allele dose of the Bt gene showed similar trends. Mean total fumonisin levels for non-Bt versus Bt inbred ears were not significantly different (2.8 versus 0.8 ppm, respectively) in 1996. In paired hybrid studies run in 0.4-ha (1-acre) fields, an event 176 Bt hybrid had significantly lower amounts of damage and signs of Fusarium spp. mold, but not fumonisin, compared with a corresponding non-Bt hybrid from 1996 to 1998. However, two hybrid pairs that contained either MON810 or Bt11 constructs examined in similar fields at the same site had lower levels of fumonisin in both 1997 (30- to 40-fold) and 1998. High intrafield variability in insect infestation and presence of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in Bt hybrids was apparently responsible for fewer significant differences in fumonisin levels in 1998. Similar trends for all three hybrid pairs were noted in small plot trials at another site. Incidence of other ear pests or insect predators varied as much among non-Bt hybrids as they did for Bt/non-Bt hybrid pairs.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Bt inbred ears were free from insect damage while 40-50% of the corresponding non-Bt inbred ears were damaged, under artificial Ostrinia nubilalis infestation.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis Cry IA (b) genee2
- Interactor
- Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalise3pest - Outcome
- insect damagee1
- Qualifier
- 40-50%e1
- Comparator
- non-Bt inbred earse1
- Setting
- small plot studiese4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis Corn”
e1“were free from insect damage, whereas 40-50% of the corresponding non-Bt inbred ears were damaged”
e2“containing a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis Cry IA (b) gene”
e3“artificially infested with Ostrinia nubilalis”
e4“in small plot studies”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt inbred ears inoculated with Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium proliferatum, or exposed to natural mold after borer infestation, were free of visible mold, compared with about 30-40% of non-Bt ears.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Aspergillus flavus Link and Fusarium proliferatume1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavuse1pathogen - Second interactor
- Fusarium proliferatumFusarium proliferatume1pathogen
- Outcome
- visible signs of molde2
- Qualifier
- approximately 30-40%e2
- Comparator
- non-Bt ears similarly treatede2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis Corn”
e1“Bt inbred ears that were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus Link and Fusarium proliferatum”
e2“were free of visible signs of mold, as compared with approximately 30-40% of the non-Bt ears similarly treated”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1996 single-allele-dose Bt inbred showed trends similar to the earlier results.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- similar trendse1
- Qualifier
- using the same inbred with a single allele dose of the Bt genee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis Corn”
e1“Results in 1996 using the same inbred with a single allele dose of the Bt gene showed similar trends”
Claim · model-written summary
Total fumonisin levels did not differ significantly between Bt and non-Bt inbred ears in 1996.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Bt inbred earse1
- Outcome
- total fumonisin levelse1
- Direction
- not significantly differente1
- Value
- 2.8 versus 0.8 ppme1
- Qualifier
- in 1996e1
- Comparator
- non-Bte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis Corn”
e1“Mean total fumonisin levels for non-Bt versus Bt inbred ears were not significantly different (2.8 versus 0.8 ppm, respectively) in 1996”
Claim · model-written summary
The event 176 Bt hybrid had significantly lower amounts of damage and signs of Fusarium spp. mold than a non-Bt hybrid, from 1996 to 1998, in 0.4-ha fields.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- event 176 Bt hybride1
- Outcome
- amounts of damage and signs of Fusarium spp. molde1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- from 1996 to 1998e1
- Comparator
- non-Bt hybride1
- Setting
- 0.4-ha (1-acre) fieldse1
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis Corn”
e1“In paired hybrid studies run in 0.4-ha (1-acre) fields, an event 176 Bt hybrid had significantly lower amounts of damage and signs of Fusarium spp. mold, but not fumonisin, compared with a corresponding non-Bt hybrid from 1996 to 1998”
Claim · model-written summary
The event 176 Bt hybrid did not differ from the non-Bt hybrid in fumonisin.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- event 176 Bt hybride1
- Outcome
- fumonisine1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- non-Bt hybride1
- Setting
- 0.4-ha (1-acre) fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis Corn”
e1“In paired hybrid studies run in 0.4-ha (1-acre) fields, an event 176 Bt hybrid had significantly lower amounts of damage and signs of Fusarium spp. mold, but not fumonisin, compared with a corresponding non-Bt hybrid from 1996 to 1998”
Claim · model-written summary
MON810 and Bt11 hybrid pairs had lower fumonisin levels in both 1997 and 1998.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- MON810 or Bt11 constructse1
- Outcome
- levels of fumonisine1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 30- to 40-folde1
- Qualifier
- in both 1997 (30- to 40-fold) and 1998e1
- Setting
- similar fields at the same sitee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis Corn”
e1“two hybrid pairs that contained either MON810 or Bt11 constructs examined in similar fields at the same site had lower levels of fumonisin in both 1997 (30- to 40-fold) and 1998”
Claim · model-written summary
Similar trends for all three hybrid pairs were seen in small-plot trials at another site.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- Similar trendse1
- Setting
- small plot trials at another sitee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis Corn”
e1“Similar trends for all three hybrid pairs were noted in small plot trials at another site”
Claim · model-written summary
High intrafield variability and the presence of Helicoverpa zea were apparently responsible for fewer significant differences in fumonisin levels in 1998.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zea
.jpg?width=60)
Helicoverpa zeae1pest - Outcome
- fewer significant differences in fumonisin levels in 1998e1
- Qualifier
- High intrafield variability in insect infestatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis Corn”
e1“High intrafield variability in insect infestation and presence of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in Bt hybrids was apparently responsible for fewer significant differences in fumonisin levels in 1998”
Claim · model-written summary
Incidence of other ear pests and insect predators varied as much among non-Bt hybrids as between Bt and non-Bt hybrid pairs.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- other ear pestse1pest
- Second interactor
- insect predatorse1other
- Outcome
- Incidence of other ear pests or insect predatorse1
- Qualifier
- varied as much among non-Bt hybrids as they did for Bt/non-Bt hybrid pairse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis Corn”
e1“Incidence of other ear pests or insect predators varied as much among non-Bt hybrids as they did for Bt/non-Bt hybrid pairs”
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