Abstract
We evaluated the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin CrylAc on survival and development of a susceptible strain and laboratory-selected resistant strains of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). For susceptible and resistant strains tested on artificial diet, increases in CrylAc concentration reduced developmental rate and pupal weight. In greenhouse tests, survival of resistant larvae on transgenic cotton that produces CrylAc (Bt cotton) was 46% relative to their survival on non-Bt cotton. In contrast, Bt cotton killed all susceptible larvae tested. F1 hybrid progeny of resistant and susceptible adults did not survive on Bt cotton, which indicates recessive inheritance of resistance. Compared with resistant or susceptible larvae reared on non-Bt cotton, resistant larvae reared on Bt cotton had lower survival and slower development, and achieved lower pupal weight and fecundity. Recessive resistance to Bt cotton is consistent with one of the basic assumptions of the refuge strategy for delaying resistance to Bt cotton. Whereas slower development of resistant insects on Bt cotton could increase the probability of mating between resistant adults and accelerate resistance, negative effects of Bt cotton on the survival and development of resistant larvae could delay evolution of resistance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing CrylAc concentration reduced pink bollworm developmental rate in artificial diet.
- Treatment
- increases in CrylAc concentratione0
- Outcome
- developmental ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- susceptible and resistant strainse0
Not reportedTaxonInteractor
Verbatim
e0“For susceptible and resistant strains tested on artificial diet, increases in CrylAc concentration reduced developmental rate and pupal weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing CrylAc concentration reduced pink bollworm pupal weight in artificial diet.
- Treatment
- increases in CrylAc concentratione0
- Outcome
- pupal weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- susceptible and resistant strainse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“For susceptible and resistant strains tested on artificial diet, increases in CrylAc concentration reduced developmental rate and pupal weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant larval survival on Bt cotton was 46% of survival on non-Bt cotton.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Bt cottone0
- Outcome
- survival of resistant larvaee0
- Value
- 46%e0
- Comparator
- non-Bt cottone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“survival of resistant larvae on transgenic cotton that produces CrylAc (Bt cotton) was 46% relative to their survival on non-Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt cotton killed every susceptible larva tested.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Bt cottone0
- Outcome
- killed all susceptible larvaee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bt cotton killed all susceptible larvae tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid offspring of resistant and susceptible adults did not survive on Bt cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Bt cottone0
- Outcome
- F1 hybrid progeny of resistant and susceptible adults did not survivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F1 hybrid progeny of resistant and susceptible adults did not survive on Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant larvae on Bt cotton had lower survival than larvae on non-Bt cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Bt cottone0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- non-Bt cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with resistant or susceptible larvae reared on non-Bt cotton, resistant larvae reared on Bt cotton had lower survival and slower development, and achieved lower pupal weight and fecundity”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant larvae developed more slowly on Bt cotton than on non-Bt cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Bt cottone0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Comparator
- non-Bt cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with resistant or susceptible larvae reared on non-Bt cotton, resistant larvae reared on Bt cotton had lower survival and slower development, and achieved lower pupal weight and fecundity”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant larvae on Bt cotton attained lower pupal weight than larvae on non-Bt cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Bt cottone0
- Outcome
- pupal weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- non-Bt cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with resistant or susceptible larvae reared on non-Bt cotton, resistant larvae reared on Bt cotton had lower survival and slower development, and achieved lower pupal weight and fecundity”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant larvae on Bt cotton had lower fecundity than larvae on non-Bt cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Bt cottone0
- Outcome
- fecunditye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- non-Bt cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with resistant or susceptible larvae reared on non-Bt cotton, resistant larvae reared on Bt cotton had lower survival and slower development, and achieved lower pupal weight and fecundity”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to Bt cotton was inferred to be recessive.
- Outcome
- recessive inheritance of resistancee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“which indicates recessive inheritance of resistance”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.