Abstract
Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a serious pest of pome fruit, is a threat to exportation of apples (Malus spp.) because of the possibility of shipping infested fruit. The need for alternatives to fumigants such as methyl bromide for quarantine security of exported fruit has encouraged the development of effective fumigants with reduced side effects. The endophytic fungus Muscodor albus Worapong, Strobel and Hess (Ascomycota: Xylariales) produces volatile compounds that are biocidal for several pest organisms, including plant pathogens and insect pests. The objectives of our research were to determine the effects of M. albus volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on codling moth adults, neonate larvae, larvae in infested apples, and diapausing cocooned larvae in simulated storage conditions. Fumigation of adult codling moth with VOCs produced by M. albus for 3 d and incubating in fresh air for 24 h at 25 degrees C resulted in 81% corrected mortality. Four- and 5-d exposures resulted in higher mortality (84 and 100%, respectively), but control mortality was also high due to the short life span of the moths. Exposure of neonate larvae to VOCs for 3 d on apples and incubating for 7 d resulted in 86% corrected mortality. Treated larvae were predominantly first instars, whereas 85% of control larvae developed to second and third instars. Exposure of apples that had been infested for 5 d, fumigated with M. albus VOCs for 3 d, and incubated as described above resulted in 71% corrected larval mortality. Exposure of diapausing cocooned codling moth larvae to VOCs for 7 or 14 d resulted in 31 and 100% mortality, respectively, with negligible control mortality. Our data on treatment of several stages of codling moth with M. albus VOCs indicate that the fungus could provide an alternative to broad spectrum chemical fumigants for codling moth control in storage and contribute to the systems approach to achieve quarantine security of exported apples.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Three-day fungal volatile fumigation yielded 81% corrected mortality of adult codling moths.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- VOCs produced by M. albus for 3 de0
- Interactor
- codling moth
Cydia pomonellae0pest - Second interactor
- M. albus
Muscodor albuse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- corrected mortalitye0
- Value
- 81%e0
- Qualifier
- incubating in fresh air for 24 h at 25 degrees Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigation of adult codling moth with VOCs produced by M. albus for 3 d and incubating in fresh air for 24 h at 25 degrees C resulted in 81% corrected mortality”
e1“apples (Malus spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-day exposure produced 84% adult codling moth mortality, with high control mortality.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Four- and 5-d exposurese0
- Interactor
- codling mothCydia pomonellae2pest
- Second interactor
- M. albusMuscodor albuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 84e0
- Qualifier
- control mortality was also highe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four- and 5-d exposures resulted in higher mortality (84 and 100%, respectively), but control mortality was also high due to the short life span of the moths”
e1“apples (Malus spp.)”
e2“Fumigation of adult codling moth with VOCs produced by M. albus”
Claim · model-written summary
Five-day exposure produced 100% adult codling moth mortality, with high control mortality.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- 5-d exposurese0
- Interactor
- codling mothCydia pomonellae2pest
- Second interactor
- M. albusMuscodor albuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- control mortality was also highe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four- and 5-d exposures resulted in higher mortality (84 and 100%, respectively), but control mortality was also high due to the short life span of the moths”
e1“apples (Malus spp.)”
e2“Fumigation of adult codling moth with VOCs produced by M. albus”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-day exposure of neonate larvae on apples yielded 86% corrected mortality.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- VOCs for 3 de0
- Interactor
- codling mothCydia pomonellae1pest
- Second interactor
- M. albusMuscodor albuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- corrected mortalitye0
- Value
- 86%e0
- Qualifier
- incubating for 7 de0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of neonate larvae to VOCs for 3 d on apples and incubating for 7 d resulted in 86% corrected mortality”
e1“Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.)”
e2“M. albus volatile organic compounds (VOCs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated larvae remained predominantly first instars, whereas 85% of controls reached second or third instars.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Treated larvaee0
- Interactor
- codling mothCydia pomonellae2pest
- Second interactor
- M. albusMuscodor albuse3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- predominantly first instarse0
- Qualifier
- 85% of control larvae developed to second and third instarse0
- Comparator
- control larvaee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated larvae were predominantly first instars, whereas 85% of control larvae developed to second and third instars”
e1“apples (Malus spp.)”
e2“Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.)”
e3“M. albus volatile organic compounds (VOCs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation of infested apples produced 71% corrected codling moth larval mortality.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- fumigated with M. albus VOCs for 3 de0
- Interactor
- codling mothCydia pomonellae1pest
- Second interactor
- M. albusMuscodor albuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- larval mortalitye0
- Value
- 71%e0
- Qualifier
- infested for 5 de0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of apples that had been infested for 5 d, fumigated with M. albus VOCs for 3 d, and incubated as described above resulted in 71% corrected larval mortality”
e1“Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven-day volatile exposure produced 31% mortality in diapausing cocooned larvae.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- VOCs for 7 or 14 de0
- Interactor
- codling mothCydia pomonellae0pest
- Second interactor
- M. albusMuscodor albuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 31e0
- Qualifier
- negligible control mortalitye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of diapausing cocooned codling moth larvae to VOCs for 7 or 14 d resulted in 31 and 100% mortality, respectively, with negligible control mortality”
e1“apples (Malus spp.)”
e2“M. albus volatile organic compounds (VOCs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen-day volatile exposure produced 100% mortality in diapausing cocooned larvae.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- VOCs for 7 or 14 de0
- Interactor
- codling mothCydia pomonellae0pest
- Second interactor
- M. albusMuscodor albuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- negligible control mortalitye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of diapausing cocooned codling moth larvae to VOCs for 7 or 14 d resulted in 31 and 100% mortality, respectively, with negligible control mortality”
e1“apples (Malus spp.)”
e2“M. albus volatile organic compounds (VOCs)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose M. albus volatiles as an alternative fumigant for codling moth control and quarantine security of exported apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- codling mothCydia pomonellae0pest
- Second interactor
- M. albusMuscodor albuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- an alternative to broad spectrum chemical fumigants for codling moth control in storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fungus could provide an alternative to broad spectrum chemical fumigants for codling moth control in storage and contribute to the systems approach to achieve quarantine security of exported apples”
e1“fumigated with M. albus VOCs for 3 d”
The same questions in other papers
solarization · Cydia pomonella · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.