Abstract
To minimize the chance of surface water contamination by herbicides, farmers need alternative ways to manage weeds in field crops, such as field corn, that reduce herbicide use. Zone herbicide application (ZHA) reduces herbicide use compared with conventional broadcast herbicide application by (1) banding low herbicide rates between corn rows (≤ 1× normal broadcast registered rate), (2) managing crops to favor crop competition, and (3) banding very low herbicide rates over crop rows (≪ 1× normal rate). The research goal was to compare the relative effectiveness of reduced-rate ZHA with broadcast herbicide application on in-row (IR) and between-row (BR) summer annual weed cover (chiefly giant foxtail and waterhemp species), grain yields, and net returns resulting from herbicide application in field corn. Preemergence ZHA of atrazine + metolachlor + clopyralid + flumesulam was made in zones (i.e., even width bands) at different rates between and over crop rows for three site-years in Missouri, and the 1× rate was 2.24 + 1.75 + 0.211 + 0.067 kg ai ha−1, respectively. Best ZHA treatments (0.29× to 0.30× IR herbicide rates + 0.74× to 0.80× BR herbicide rates) outperformed all reduced-rate broadcast herbicide treatments (0.25×, 0.5×, and 0.75×) based on net returns in partial budget analysis. Yields for highest yielding ZHA could not be distinguished from the 1× broadcast treatments in two of three site-years. Net returns due to herbicide application for the highest yielding ZHA were comparable with the 1× broadcast treatment in all three site-years. For the best ZHA, the 3-yr average for total herbicide applied per unit was 53% of the 1× broadcast rate. ZHA may provide row crop farmers with a new generic option for reducing herbicide rates and input costs while maintaining net returns and reducing the chance of surface water contamination by herbicides.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Zone herbicide application reduced herbicide use compared with conventional broadcast application.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- Zone herbicide application (ZHA)e0
- Outcome
- herbicide usee0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Comparator
- conventional broadcast herbicide applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zone herbicide application (ZHA) reduces herbicide use compared with conventional broadcast herbicide application”
e1“field crops, such as field corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Best zone treatments outperformed reduced-rate broadcast treatments in net returns.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Best ZHA treatments (0.29× to 0.30× IR herbicide rates + 0.74× to 0.80× BR herbicide rates)e0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- all reduced-rate broadcast herbicide treatments (0.25×, 0.5×, and 0.75×)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Best ZHA treatments (0.29× to 0.30× IR herbicide rates + 0.74× to 0.80× BR herbicide rates) outperformed all reduced-rate broadcast herbicide treatments (0.25×, 0.5×, and 0.75×) based on net returns in partial budget analysis”
e1“field crops, such as field corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest-yielding zone application yields were indistinguishable from full-rate broadcast in two of three site-years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- highest yielding ZHAe0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- could not be distinguishede0
- Qualifier
- two of three site-yearse0
- Comparator
- 1× broadcast treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields for highest yielding ZHA could not be distinguished from the 1× broadcast treatments in two of three site-years”
e1“field crops, such as field corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Net returns for highest-yielding zone application were comparable with full-rate broadcast in all three site-years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- highest yielding ZHAe0
- Outcome
- Net returns due to herbicide applicatione0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Qualifier
- all three site-yearse0
- Comparator
- 1× broadcast treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net returns due to herbicide application for the highest yielding ZHA were comparable with the 1× broadcast treatment in all three site-years”
e1“field crops, such as field corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Best zone application used 53% as much herbicide as full-rate broadcast on the three-year average.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- best ZHAe0
- Outcome
- total herbicide applied per unite0
- Value
- 53%e0
- Qualifier
- 3-yr averagee0
- Comparator
- 1× broadcast ratee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the best ZHA, the 3-yr average for total herbicide applied per unit was 53% of the 1× broadcast rate”
e1“field crops, such as field corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose zone application to reduce herbicide rates, input costs and contamination risk while maintaining returns.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- reducing herbicide rates and input costs while maintaining net returns and reducing the chance of surface water contamination by herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZHA may provide row crop farmers with a new generic option for reducing herbicide rates and input costs while maintaining net returns and reducing the chance of surface water contamination by herbicides”
e1“field crops, such as field corn”
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