Abstract
Ricefields are important foraging habitat for waterfowl and other waterbirds in several North American wintering areas, including the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). Rice growers are likely to adopt management practices that provide habitat for waterfowl if agronomic benefits also occur. Therefore, we conducted a replicated field experiment during autumn through spring 1995–1997 to study effects of postharvest field treatment and winter-water management on agronomic variables including biomass of residual rice straw, cool-season grasses and forbs (i.e., winter weeds), and viability of red rice (oryza sativa var.). The treatment combination of postharvest disking and flooding until early March reduced straw 68%, from 9,938 kg/ha after harvest to 3,209 kg/ha in spring. Treatment combinations that included flooding until early March were most effective in suppressing winter weeds and decreased their biomass in spring by 83% when compared to the average of other treatment combinations. Effects of treatment combinations on spring viability of red rice differed between winters, but no significant effects were found within winters. Autumn disking followed by flooding until early March reduced rice straw and suppressed winter weeds the most, but with additional costs. To obtain the most agronomic benefits, we recommend that rice growers forgo autumn disking and flood fields until early March, which will provide moderate straw reduction, good weed suppression, and predicted savings of $22.24–62.93/ha (U.S.) ($9.00–25.47/ac). Maintenance of floods on ricefields until early March also benefits waterfowl and other waterbirds by providing foraging habitat throughout winter.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Disking and flooding until early March reduced residual rice straw 68%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- postharvest disking and flooding until early Marche0
- Outcome
- strawe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Qualifier
- 3,209 kg/ha in springe0
- Comparator
- 9,938 kg/ha after harveste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment combination of postharvest disking and flooding until early March reduced straw 68%, from 9,938 kg/ha after harvest to 3,209 kg/ha in spring.”
t0“ricefields”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding until early March reduced winter weed biomass 83%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- flooding until early Marche0
- Interactor
- winter weedse0weed
- Outcome
- winter weeds and decreased their biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 83%e0
- Comparator
- average of other treatment combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment combinations that included flooding until early March were most effective in suppressing winter weeds and decreased their biomass in spring by 83% when compared to the average of other treatment combinations.”
t0“ricefields”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment effects on red rice spring viability varied between winters.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of treatment combinations on spring viability of red rice differed between winters”
Claim · model-written summary
Within winters, management combinations had no significant effect on red rice viability.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of treatment combinations on spring viability of red rice differed between winters, but no significant effects were found within winters.”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn disking plus flooding produced the greatest straw reduction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Autumn disking followed by flooding until early Marche0
- Outcome
- rice strawe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- additional costse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn disking followed by flooding until early March reduced rice straw and suppressed winter weeds the most, but with additional costs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn disking plus flooding produced the greatest winter weed suppression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Autumn disking followed by flooding until early Marche0
- Interactor
- winter weedse0weed
- Outcome
- winter weedse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- additional costse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn disking followed by flooding until early March reduced rice straw and suppressed winter weeds the most, but with additional costs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers were advised to omit autumn disking and flood until early March.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- forgo autumn disking and flood fields until early Marche0
- Value
- $22.24–62.93/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we recommend that rice growers forgo autumn disking and flood fields until early March, which will provide moderate straw reduction, good weed suppression, and predicted savings of $22.24–62.93/ha (U.S.) ($9.00–25.47/ac).”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded ricefields provide winter foraging habitat for waterfowl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- foraging habitat throughout wintere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maintenance of floods on ricefields until early March also benefits waterfowl and other waterbirds by providing foraging habitat throughout winter.”
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