Abstract
Safflower seeds have a high content of oil of good nutritional value. In cereal-based rotations, it can help diversify cropping systems, break disease cycles and control grass weeds. Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran. The five water regimes consisted of a control (full irrigated) treatment and four treatments where irrigation was interrupted at bud formation, beginning of flowering, end of flowering, and seed filling. Measurements involved yield and yield components, biomass, plant height, seed oil content, phenological traits and agronomic and irrigation water use efficiency (WUEa and WUEi, respectively). No year effect was noted for most measured traits. Highly significant effects of the water regime were found on seed yield, oil yield, days to maturity and the number of capitula per plant. Seed yield and the number of capitula per plant were particularly affected by water shortage at bud formation (36.5 and 37.8%, respectively). The lowest agronomic WUEa was consequently when irrigation was stopped at beginning of flowering (28.9% less than in full irrigated) and at bud formation (18.3% less than in full irrigated). WUEi decreased with the quantity of water supplied by irrigation. Water regime did not affect seed oil content. Significant effects of cultivar were found for seed yield, number of capitula per plant, 1000-seed weight, plant height, seed oil content and phenological traits, except days to flowering. Padideh yielded 12.8% more than K.w.2 and 7.6% more than Goldasht. Seed yield was significantly associated with the number of capitula per plant but not with the number of seeds per capitulum and 1000-seed weight. These results demonstrate that bud formation is particularly sensitive to water deficit, and will allow better water management of safflower in semi-arid agriculture.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Water shortage at bud formation reduced safflower seed yield
- Taxon
- Safflower
Carthamus tinctoriuse0 - Treatment
- water shortage at bud formatione2
- Outcome
- Seed yielde2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 36.5e2
- Comparator
- control (full irrigated) treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e1“The five water regimes consisted of a control (full irrigated) treatment and four treatments where irrigation was interrupted at bud formation”
e2“Seed yield and the number of capitula per plant were particularly affected by water shortage at bud formation (36.5 and 37.8%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water shortage at bud formation reduced the number of capitula per plant
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- water shortage at bud formatione2
- Outcome
- number of capitula per plante2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 37.8e2
- Comparator
- control (full irrigated) treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e1“The five water regimes consisted of a control (full irrigated) treatment and four treatments where irrigation was interrupted at bud formation”
e2“Seed yield and the number of capitula per plant were particularly affected by water shortage at bud formation (36.5 and 37.8%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stopping irrigation at beginning of flowering lowered agronomic WUEa by 28.9% relative to full irrigation
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- irrigation was stopped at beginning of floweringe3
- Outcome
- agronomic WUEae3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Value
- 28.9%e3
- Comparator
- full irrigatede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e3“The lowest agronomic WUEa was consequently when irrigation was stopped at beginning of flowering (28.9% less than in full irrigated)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stopping irrigation at bud formation lowered agronomic WUEa by 18.3% relative to full irrigation
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- at bud formatione3
- Outcome
- agronomic WUEae3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Value
- 18.3%e3
- Comparator
- full irrigatede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e3“The lowest agronomic WUEa was consequently when irrigation was stopped at beginning of flowering (28.9% less than in full irrigated) and at bud formation (18.3% less than in full irrigated)”
Claim · model-written summary
WUEi decreased as the quantity of irrigation water increased
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- quantity of water supplied by irrigatione4
- Outcome
- WUEie4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e4“WUEi decreased with the quantity of water supplied by irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Water regime did not affect safflower seed oil content
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- Water regimee5
- Outcome
- seed oil contente5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e5“Water regime did not affect seed oil content”
Claim · model-written summary
Padideh yielded 12.8% more than K.w.2
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Material
- Padidehe6
- Treatment
- Three winter safflower cultivarse0
- Outcome
- yieldede6
- Direction
- moree6
- Value
- 12.8%e6
- Comparator
- K.w.2e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e6“Padideh yielded 12.8% more than K.w.2 and 7.6% more than Goldasht”
Claim · model-written summary
Padideh yielded 7.6% more than Goldasht
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Material
- Padidehe6
- Treatment
- Three winter safflower cultivarse0
- Outcome
- yieldede6
- Direction
- moree6
- Value
- 7.6%e6
- Comparator
- Goldashte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e6“Padideh yielded 12.8% more than K.w.2 and 7.6% more than Goldasht”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield is significantly associated with the number of capitula per plant
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- number of capitula per plante7
- Outcome
- Seed yielde7
- Direction
- significantly associatede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e7“Seed yield was significantly associated with the number of capitula per plant but not with the number of seeds per capitulum and 1000-seed weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield is not associated with the number of seeds per capitulum
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- number of seeds per capitulume7
- Outcome
- Seed yielde7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e7“Seed yield was significantly associated with the number of capitula per plant but not with the number of seeds per capitulum and 1000-seed weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Bud formation is particularly sensitive to water deficit in safflower
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- water deficite1
- Outcome
- bud formatione1
- Direction
- particularly sensitivee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e1“These results demonstrate that bud formation is particularly sensitive to water deficit, and will allow better water management of safflower in semi-arid agriculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Better water management of safflower in semi-arid agriculture is enabled by the bud-formation sensitivity
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Outcome
- better water management of safflowere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e1“These results demonstrate that bud formation is particularly sensitive to water deficit, and will allow better water management of safflower in semi-arid agriculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Year had no effect on most measured safflower traits
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- yeare2
- Outcome
- most measured traitse2
- Direction
- No year effecte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three winter safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and K.w.2) were evaluated during two years under five different water regimes in Karaj, Iran”
e2“No year effect was noted for most measured traits”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results differ
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.