Abstract
Iron deficiency impairs chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. In leaves, most of the iron must cross several biological membranes to reach the chloroplast. The components involved in the complex internal iron transport are largely unknown. Nitric oxide (NO), a bioactive free radical, can react with transition metals to form metal-nitrosyl complexes. Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 microM Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution. S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, another NO donor, as well as gaseous NO supply in a translucent chamber were also able to revert the iron deficiency symptoms. A specific NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, blocked the effect of the NO donors. The effect of NO treatment on the photosynthetic apparatus of iron-deficient plants was also studied. Electron micrographs of mesophyll cells from iron-deficient maize plants revealed plastids with few photosynthetic lamellae and rudimentary grana. In contrast, in NO-treated maize plants, mesophyll chloroplast appeared completely developed. NO treatment did not increase iron content in plant organs, when expressed in a fresh matter basis, suggesting that root iron uptake was not enhanced. NO scavengers 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide and methylene blue promoted interveinal chlorosis in iron-replete maize plants (growing in 250 microM Fe-EDTA). Even though results support a role for endogenous NO in iron nutrition, experiments did not establish an essential role. NO was also able to revert the chlorotic phenotype of the iron-inefficient maize mutants yellow stripe1 and yellow stripe3, both impaired in the iron uptake mechanisms. All together, these results support a biological action of NO on the availability and/or delivery of metabolically active iron within the plant.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium nitroprusside completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize grown at 10 microM Fe-EDTA.
- Treatment
- Sodium nitroprussidee0
- Outcome
- leaf interveinal chlorosise0
- Direction
- completely preventede0
- Qualifier
- 10 microM Fe-EDTAe0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 microM Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine reverted iron deficiency symptoms in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 microM Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution”
e1“S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, another NO donor, as well as gaseous NO supply in a translucent chamber were also able to revert the iron deficiency symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Gaseous NO supply in a translucent chamber reverted iron deficiency symptoms in maize.
- Treatment
- gaseous NO supply in a translucent chambere1
- Outcome
- iron deficiency symptomse1
- Direction
- reverte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 microM Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution”
e1“S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, another NO donor, as well as gaseous NO supply in a translucent chamber were also able to revert the iron deficiency symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
The NO scavenger blocked the effect of NO donors on iron deficiency.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e2“A specific NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, blocked the effect of the NO donors”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-deficient maize mesophyll cells had plastids with few photosynthetic lamellae and rudimentary grana.
- Organ / stage
- mesophyll cellse3
- Treatment
- iron-deficiente3
- Outcome
- plastids with few photosynthetic lamellae and rudimentary granae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Electron micrographs of mesophyll cells from iron-deficient maize plants revealed plastids with few photosynthetic lamellae and rudimentary grana. In contrast, in NO-treated maize plants, mesophyll chloroplast appeared completely developed”
Claim · model-written summary
NO-treated maize mesophyll chloroplasts appeared completely developed, compared with iron-deficient plants.
- Treatment
- NO-treatede3
- Outcome
- mesophyll chloroplaste3
- Direction
- completely developede3
- Comparator
- iron-deficient maize plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Electron micrographs of mesophyll cells from iron-deficient maize plants revealed plastids with few photosynthetic lamellae and rudimentary grana. In contrast, in NO-treated maize plants, mesophyll chloroplast appeared completely developed”
Claim · model-written summary
NO treatment did not increase iron content in plant organs on a fresh matter basis.
- Treatment
- NO treatmente4
- Outcome
- iron content in plant organse4
- Direction
- did not increasee4
- Qualifier
- when expressed in a fresh matter basise4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 microM Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution”
e4“NO treatment did not increase iron content in plant organs, when expressed in a fresh matter basis, suggesting that root iron uptake was not enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
The NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide promoted interveinal chlorosis in iron-replete maize.
- Treatment
- 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxidee5
- Outcome
- interveinal chlorosise5
- Direction
- promotede5
- Qualifier
- 250 microM Fe-EDTAe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 microM Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution”
e5“NO scavengers 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide and methylene blue promoted interveinal chlorosis in iron-replete maize plants (growing in 250 microM Fe-EDTA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Methylene blue promoted interveinal chlorosis in iron-replete maize.
- Treatment
- methylene bluee5
- Outcome
- interveinal chlorosise5
- Direction
- promotede5
- Qualifier
- 250 microM Fe-EDTAe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 microM Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution”
e5“NO scavengers 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide and methylene blue promoted interveinal chlorosis in iron-replete maize plants (growing in 250 microM Fe-EDTA)”
Claim · model-written summary
NO reverted the chlorotic phenotype of the iron-uptake mutant yellow stripe1 in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 microM Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution”
e6“NO was also able to revert the chlorotic phenotype of the iron-inefficient maize mutants yellow stripe1 and yellow stripe3, both impaired in the iron uptake mechanisms”
Claim · model-written summary
NO reverted the chlorotic phenotype of the iron-uptake mutant yellow stripe3 in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 microM Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution”
e6“NO was also able to revert the chlorotic phenotype of the iron-inefficient maize mutants yellow stripe1 and yellow stripe3, both impaired in the iron uptake mechanisms”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous NO may play a role in iron nutrition, but its essential role was not established.
- Compound
- endogenous NOe7
- Outcome
- a role for endogenous NO in iron nutritione7
- Qualifier
- experiments did not establish an essential rolee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 microM Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution”
e7“Even though results support a role for endogenous NO in iron nutrition, experiments did not establish an essential role”
Claim · model-written summary
NO appears to act on the availability and/or delivery of metabolically active iron within maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 microM Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution”
e1“All together, these results support a biological action of NO on the availability and/or delivery of metabolically active iron within the plant”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.