Abstract
SUMMARY No-tillage and dry ploughing were compared with puddling under identical cultivation conditions for their effect on growth and yield of wet-season rice. The experiment was conducted on an alluvial sandy clay–loam soil over 5 years (1978–82) at Cuttack, India. In the preceding dry season, each plot was split into two halves for growing dry-season crops, with and without tillage. Growth of rice seedlings without applying N to the seed bed was faster and more vigorous after puddling, as shown by greater shoot and root weight per hill and a higher shoot:root ratio, and remained so until maturity. This was reflected in earlier flowering and maturity, followed by greater grain and straw yields. These results are attributed to the ability of the roots to obtain more N from the puddled soil. Under high water table conditions, extractable and soluble N in the root zone were not much influenced by tillage treatments. Grain and straw yields after no-tillage were similar to those produced by dry ploughing but smaller than those produced by puddling, although the differences were not significant in some years. Soil strength measured at the end of the rice-growing season in 1980 and 1981 was significantly greater after continuous no-tillage. The decreasing trend in grain and straw yield and number of panicle-bearing tillers/m 2 from 1980 onwards after continuous no-tillage, was associated with increasing soil strength. The results suggest that, where percolation losses of water and nutrients are small, puddling, which is capital intensive and detrimental to soil structure, could be replaced by notillage accompanied by suitable N and weed management. However, continuous no-tillage is not recommended for a soil with a lower clay content because the soil will gradually harden with time.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Puddling increased seedling shoot and root weight and shoot:root ratio relative to other tillage methods.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- puddlinge0
- Outcome
- shoot and root weight per hill and a higher shoot:root ratioe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- without applying N to the seed bede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of rice seedlings without applying N to the seed bed was faster and more vigorous after puddling, as shown by greater shoot and root weight per hill and a higher shoot:root ratio”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Puddling led to earlier flowering and maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- puddlingt0
- Outcome
- flowering and maturitye0
- Direction
- earliere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was reflected in earlier flowering and maturity”
t0“puddling for wet-season rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Puddling produced greater grain and straw yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- puddlingt0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by greater grain and straw yields”
t0“puddling for wet-season rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high water table conditions, tillage had little influence on extractable and soluble root-zone N.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- tillage treatmentse0
- Outcome
- extractable and soluble N in the root zonee0
- Direction
- not much influencede0
- Qualifier
- high water table conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high water table conditions, extractable and soluble N in the root zone were not much influenced by tillage treatments”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage and dry ploughing gave similar grain and straw yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- no-tillagee0
- Outcome
- Grain and straw yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- dry ploughinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and straw yields after no-tillage were similar to those produced by dry ploughing”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage gave smaller grain and straw yields than puddling, with nonsignificant differences in some years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- no-tillagee0
- Outcome
- Grain and straw yieldse0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Qualifier
- not significant in some yearse0
- Comparator
- puddlinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and straw yields after no-tillage were similar to those produced by dry ploughing but smaller than those produced by puddling, although the differences were not significant in some years”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous no-tillage significantly increased soil strength.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- continuous no-tillagee0
- Outcome
- Soil strengthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- at the end of the rice-growing season in 1980 and 1981e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil strength measured at the end of the rice-growing season in 1980 and 1981 was significantly greater after continuous no-tillage”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Declining grain and straw yield and panicle-bearing tiller number under continuous no-tillage were associated with increasing soil strength.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- continuous no-tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yield and number of panicle-bearing tillers/m 2e0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- increasing soil strengthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decreasing trend in grain and straw yield and number of panicle-bearing tillers/m 2 from 1980 onwards after continuous no-tillage, was associated with increasing soil strength”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest replacing puddling with no-tillage plus suitable N and weed management where percolation losses are small.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- puddling, which is capital intensive and detrimental to soil structure, could be replaced by notillage accompanied by suitable N and weed managemente0
- Qualifier
- where percolation losses of water and nutrients are smalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“where percolation losses of water and nutrients are small, puddling, which is capital intensive and detrimental to soil structure, could be replaced by notillage accompanied by suitable N and weed management”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous no-tillage is not recommended on lower-clay soils because they harden over time.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- continuous no-tillage is not recommendede0
- Qualifier
- a soil with a lower clay contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous no-tillage is not recommended for a soil with a lower clay content because the soil will gradually harden with time”
t0“rice”
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