Abstract
We isolated two bacterial strains from an experimentally lead (Pb)-polluted soil in Hungary, 10 years after soil contamination. These strains represented the two most abundant cultivable bacterial groups in such soil, and we tested their influence on Trifolium pratense L. growth and on the functioning of native mycorrhizal fungi under Pb toxicity in a second Pb-spiked soil. Our results showed that bacterial strain A enhanced plant growth, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulations, nodule formation, and mycorrhizal infection, demonstrating its plant-growth-promoting activity. In addition, strain A decreased the amount of Pb absorbed by plants, when expressed on a root weight basis, because of increased root biomass due to the production of indoleacetic acid. The positive effect of strain A was not only evident after a single inoculation but also in dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Strain A also exhibited higher tolerance than strain B when cultivated under increasing Pb levels in the spiked soil. Molecular identification unambiguously placed strain A within the genus Brevibacillus. We showed that it is important to select the most tolerant and efficient bacterial strain for co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to promote effective symbiosis and thus stimulate plant growth under adverse environmental conditions, such as heavy-metal contamination.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Strain A enhanced clover growth, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation, nodulation and mycorrhizal infection.
- Taxon
- Trifolium pratense L.
Trifolium pratensee0 - Treatment
- bacterial strain Ae1
- Interactor
- bacterial strain Ae1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulationse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tested their influence on Trifolium pratense L. growth”
e1“bacterial strain A enhanced plant growth, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulations, nodule formation, and mycorrhizal infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain A reduced plant Pb uptake per root weight.
- Taxon
- Trifolium pratense L.Trifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- strain Ae1
- Interactor
- strain Ae1symbiont
- Outcome
- amount of Pb absorbed by plantse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- when expressed on a root weight basise1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trifolium pratense L.”
e1“strain A decreased the amount of Pb absorbed by plants, when expressed on a root weight basis”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute lower Pb uptake per root mass to IAA-driven greater root biomass.
- Taxon
- Trifolium pratense L.Trifolium pratensee0
- Compound
- indoleacetic acide1
- Outcome
- increased root biomasse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trifolium pratense L.”
e1“because of increased root biomass due to the production of indoleacetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain A remained beneficial when co-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
- Taxon
- Trifolium pratense L.Trifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie1
- Interactor
- strain Ae1symbiont
- Second interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- positive effect of strain Ae1
- Comparator
- single inoculatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trifolium pratense L.”
e1“The positive effect of strain A was not only evident after a single inoculation but also in dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain A was more lead-tolerant than strain B in spiked soil.
- Taxon
- Trifolium pratense L.Trifolium pratensee0
- Interactor
- Strain Ae1symbiont
- Outcome
- Strain A also exhibited higher tolerancee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- strain Be1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trifolium pratense L.”
e1“Strain A also exhibited higher tolerance than strain B when cultivated under increasing Pb levels in the spiked soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Molecular identification assigned strain A to Brevibacillus.
- Taxon
- Trifolium pratense L.Trifolium pratensee0
- Interactor
- BrevibacillusBrevibacilluse1symbiont
- Outcome
- placed strain A within the genus Brevibacilluse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trifolium pratense L.”
e1“Molecular identification unambiguously placed strain A within the genus Brevibacillus.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend selecting tolerant effective bacteria for mycorrhizal co-inoculation under heavy metal contamination.
- Taxon
- Trifolium pratense L.Trifolium pratensee0
- Outcome
- select the most tolerant and efficient bacterial strain for co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trifolium pratense L.”
e1“it is important to select the most tolerant and efficient bacterial strain for co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to promote effective symbiosis and thus stimulate plant growth under adverse environmental conditions, such as heavy-metal contamination”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.