Abstract
As practices of integrated weed control in nature farming systems, surface application of a bioactive organic fertilizer, pigtailed wheat straw mulch, and intercropped peanut as a smother crop were tested with soybean, Japanese pumpkin and tomato, respectively. A bioactive organic fertilizer using rice bran, oil mill sludge and fish meal as materials and a microbial inoculant (EM as its commercial name) as fermentation starter, was applied into the 3-cm surface soil layer, where the bio-fertilizer was aerobically re-fermented and seeds of weeds were damaged during germination by the fermenting process. Weed population decreased more than 50% by applying the bioactive organic fertilizer on soil surface. In the second experiment, residues of winter wheat were brailed on soil surface in pigtail style as mulch after the ears were harvested. This kind of residue mulching depressed weeds significantly, increased soil microbial quantity and activity, avoided powdery mildew and increased pumpkin fruit yield. In the third experiment, as a cover crop, peanut intercropped into tomato crop smothered weeds, decreased tomato leaf blight infection and increased tomato fruit yield more than 10% in addition to the peanut harvest. It is concluded that above mentioned three methods can be adopted in integrated weed management in organic or nature farming systems.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Applying the bioactive organic fertilizer on the soil surface decreased weed population by more than 50% in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- applying the bioactive organic fertilizer on soil surfacee1
- Interactor
- Weede1weed
- Outcome
- Weed populatione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- more than 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were tested with soybean, Japanese pumpkin and tomato, respectively”
e1“Weed population decreased more than 50% by applying the bioactive organic fertilizer on soil surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue mulching significantly depressed weeds in Japanese pumpkin.
- Taxon
- Japanese pumpkine0
- Treatment
- residue mulchinge2
- Interactor
- weedse2weed
- Outcome
- weedse2
- Direction
- depressede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“were tested with soybean, Japanese pumpkin and tomato, respectively”
e2“This kind of residue mulching depressed weeds significantly, increased soil microbial quantity and activity, avoided powdery mildew and increased pumpkin fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue mulching increased soil microbial quantity and activity in the Japanese pumpkin field.
- Taxon
- Japanese pumpkine0
- Treatment
- residue mulchinge2
- Outcome
- soil microbial quantity and activitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“were tested with soybean, Japanese pumpkin and tomato, respectively”
e2“This kind of residue mulching depressed weeds significantly, increased soil microbial quantity and activity, avoided powdery mildew and increased pumpkin fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue mulching avoided powdery mildew in Japanese pumpkin.
- Taxon
- Japanese pumpkine0
- Treatment
- residue mulchinge2
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe2pathogen
- Outcome
- powdery mildewe2
- Direction
- avoidede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“were tested with soybean, Japanese pumpkin and tomato, respectively”
e2“This kind of residue mulching depressed weeds significantly, increased soil microbial quantity and activity, avoided powdery mildew and increased pumpkin fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue mulching increased Japanese pumpkin fruit yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“were tested with soybean, Japanese pumpkin and tomato, respectively”
e2“This kind of residue mulching depressed weeds significantly, increased soil microbial quantity and activity, avoided powdery mildew and increased pumpkin fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut intercropped into tomato smothered weeds.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume3 - Treatment
- peanut intercropped into tomato crope3
- Interactor
- weedse3weed
- Outcome
- weedse3
- Direction
- smotherede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were tested with soybean, Japanese pumpkin and tomato, respectively”
e3“peanut intercropped into tomato crop smothered weeds, decreased tomato leaf blight infection and increased tomato fruit yield more than 10% in addition to the peanut harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut intercropped into tomato decreased tomato leaf blight infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- peanut intercropped into tomato crope3
- Outcome
- leaf blight infectione3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“peanut intercropped into tomato crop smothered weeds, decreased tomato leaf blight infection and increased tomato fruit yield more than 10% in addition to the peanut harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut intercropped into tomato increased tomato fruit yield by more than 10%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- peanut intercropped into tomato crope3
- Outcome
- tomato fruit yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- more than 10%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“peanut intercropped into tomato crop smothered weeds, decreased tomato leaf blight infection and increased tomato fruit yield more than 10% in addition to the peanut harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
The three tested methods can be adopted in integrated weed management in organic or nature farming.
Verbatim
e0“were tested with soybean, Japanese pumpkin and tomato, respectively”
e4“It is concluded that above mentioned three methods can be adopted in integrated weed management in organic or nature farming systems”
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