Abstract
S ummary Embryos of Pyrus malus L. cv. Golden delicious, were isolated from the fruits and cultivated in aseptic conditions on solid media. Rate of cotyledon greening, evolution of germination percentage and growth of organs after germination were used to determine the extent of dormancy. Treatment with gibberellins and by chilling both induced an increase in the rate of cotyledon greening, in germination percentage as well as stimulating root growth. However, even the most active gibberellins, GA 4 , GA 7 , GA 9 , applied simultaneously at high concentration (5 mg l −1 ), could not completely reproduce the effects of optimum chilling treatment (9 to 12 weeks at 5 °C). While progressive increases in germination percentages were found with duration (chilling) or concentration (gibberellins), there was no direct relationship between concentration and response in the case of kinetin. Low concentrations (10 or 100 ug l −1 ) were inactive, whereas concentrations equal to or greater than 1 mg l −1 induced large increases in germination percentage. The concentrations which stimulated germination also inhibited growth, especially of the root.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellins increased cotyledon greening, germination and root growth.
- Taxon
- Pyrus malus L.
Malus domesticae1 - Material
- Golden deliciouse1
- Treatment
- gibberellinse0
- Outcome
- rate of cotyledon greening, in germination percentage as well as stimulating root growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with gibberellins and by chilling both induced an increase in the rate of cotyledon greening, in germination percentage as well as stimulating root growth.”
e1“Embryos of Pyrus malus L. cv. Golden delicious”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling increased cotyledon greening, germination and root growth.
- Taxon
- Pyrus malus L.Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- chillinge0
- Outcome
- rate of cotyledon greening, in germination percentage as well as stimulating root growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with gibberellins and by chilling both induced an increase in the rate of cotyledon greening, in germination percentage as well as stimulating root growth.”
e1“Embryos of Pyrus malus L. cv. Golden delicious”
Claim · model-written summary
Even the most active gibberellins did not fully reproduce optimum chilling effects.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GA 4 , GA 7 , GA 9 , applied simultaneously at high concentration (5 mg l −1 )e0
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Direction
- could not completely reproducee0
- Comparator
- optimum chilling treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“even the most active gibberellins, GA 4 , GA 7 , GA 9 , applied simultaneously at high concentration (5 mg l −1 ), could not completely reproduce the effects of optimum chilling treatment (9 to 12 weeks at 5 °C)”
t0“APPLE EMBRYOS”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased progressively with chilling duration.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- chillinge0
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“progressive increases in germination percentages were found with duration (chilling)”
t0“APPLE EMBRYOS”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased progressively with gibberellin concentration.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- gibberellinse0
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“progressive increases in germination percentages were found with duration (chilling) or concentration (gibberellins)”
t0“APPLE EMBRYOS”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin concentration had no direct concentration-response relationship.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- kinetine0
- Outcome
- responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no direct relationship between concentration and response in the case of kinetin”
t0“APPLE EMBRYOS”
Claim · model-written summary
Low kinetin concentrations were inactive for germination.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Low concentrations (10 or 100 ug l −1 )e0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- inactivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low concentrations (10 or 100 ug l −1 ) were inactive”
e1“Rate of cotyledon greening, evolution of germination percentage”
t0“APPLE EMBRYOS”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin at 1 mg l−1 or greater greatly increased germination.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- kinetine1
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 1 mg l −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentrations equal to or greater than 1 mg l −1 induced large increases in germination percentage”
e1“in the case of kinetin”
t0“APPLE EMBRYOS”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin concentrations that stimulated germination inhibited growth, especially root growth.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- kinetine1
- Outcome
- growth, especially of the roote0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations which stimulated germination also inhibited growth, especially of the root.”
e1“in the case of kinetin”
t0“APPLE EMBRYOS”
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See all 46 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.