Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) may be a stress-responsive enzyme, as GDH exhibits considerable thermal stability, and de novo synthesis of the alpha-GDH subunit is induced by exogenous ammonium and senescence. NaCl treatment induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular ammonia, expression of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) gdh-NAD;A1 encoding the alpha-subunit of GDH, increase in immunoreactive alpha-polypeptide, assembly of the anionic isoenzymes, and in vitro GDH aminating activity in tissues from hypergeous plant organs. In vivo aminating GDH activity was confirmed by gas chromatorgraphy-mass spectrometry monitoring of (15)N-Glu, (15)N-Gln, and (15)N-Pro in the presence of methionine sulfoximine and amino oxyacetic acid, inhibitors of Gln synthetase and transaminases, respectively. Along with upregulation of alpha-GDH by NaCl, isocitrate dehydrogenase genes, which provide 2-oxoglutarate, are also induced. Treatment with menadione also elicits a severalfold increase in ROS and immunoreactive alpha-polypeptide and GDH activity. This suggests that ROS participate in the signaling pathway for GDH expression and protease activation, which contribute to intracellular hyperammonia. Ammonium ions also mimic the effects of salinity in induction of gdh-NAD;A1 expression. These results, confirmed in tobacco and grape (Vitis vinifera cv Sultanina) tissues, support the hypothesis that the salinity-generated ROS signal induces alpha-GDH subunit expression, and the anionic iso-GDHs assimilate ammonia, acting as antistress enzymes in ammonia detoxification and production of Glu for Pro synthesis.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl induces ROS and intracellular ammonia in tobacco tissues.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular ammoniae0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular ammonia, expression of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) gdh-NAD;A1 encoding the alpha-subunit of GDH”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl induces tobacco gdh-NAD;A1 expression.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Gene
- gdh-NAD;A1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular ammonia, expression of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) gdh-NAD;A1 encoding the alpha-subunit of GDH”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increases immunoreactive alpha-polypeptide, anionic isoenzyme assembly and in vitro GDH aminating activity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- NaClt0
- Outcome
- immunoreactive alpha-polypeptide, assembly of the anionic isoenzymes, and in vitro GDH aminating activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in immunoreactive alpha-polypeptide, assembly of the anionic isoenzymes, and in vitro GDH aminating activity in tissues from hypergeous plant organs.”
t0“NaCl treatment induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular ammonia, expression of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) gdh-NAD;A1 encoding the alpha-subunit of GDH”
Claim · model-written summary
In vivo aminating GDH activity was confirmed by labeled metabolite monitoring.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Gene
- GDHe0
- Outcome
- In vivo aminating GDH activity was confirmede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo aminating GDH activity was confirmed by gas chromatorgraphy-mass spectrometry monitoring of (15)N-Glu, (15)N-Gln, and (15)N-Pro”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl also induces isocitrate dehydrogenase genes.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Gene
- isocitrate dehydrogenase genese0
- Outcome
- are also inducede0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Along with upregulation of alpha-GDH by NaCl, isocitrate dehydrogenase genes, which provide 2-oxoglutarate, are also induced.”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi)”
Claim · model-written summary
Menadione increases ROS, immunoreactive alpha-polypeptide and GDH activity severalfold.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- menadionee0
- Outcome
- ROS and immunoreactive alpha-polypeptide and GDH activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- severalfolde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with menadione also elicits a severalfold increase in ROS and immunoreactive alpha-polypeptide and GDH activity.”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium ions induce gdh-NAD;A1 expression similarly to salinity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Ammonium ionse0
- Gene
- gdh-NAD;A1e0
- Outcome
- gdh-NAD;A1 expressione0
- Direction
- inductione0
- Comparator
- salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium ions also mimic the effects of salinity in induction of gdh-NAD;A1 expression.”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that salinity-generated ROS signals alpha-GDH expression and ammonia assimilation for glutamate and proline synthesis in tobacco and grape.
Verbatim
e0“These results, confirmed in tobacco and grape (Vitis vinifera cv Sultanina) tissues, support the hypothesis that the salinity-generated ROS signal induces alpha-GDH subunit expression, and the anionic iso-GDHs assimilate ammonia, acting as antistress enzymes in ammonia detoxification and production of Glu for Pro synthesis.”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.