Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND: Foliar fertilizer methods could provide a rapid and efficient response when uptake by plant roots is limited. This work studies the effect of foliar urea sprays (15 g L −1 ) at different frequencies on the antioxidant metabolism and fruit quality of sweet pepper fruits under N‐limited nutrient solution (3.5 mmol L −1 NO 3 − ) and fully N‐supplied (12.5 mmol L −1 NO 3 − ) plants. RESULTS: Foliar applications of urea in root N‐limited plants increased the total N concentration in the fruits and no significant differences were found with respect to control fruits (plants fully supplied with N by the roots). Fruit color was significantly affected by the urea sprays, and at the highest frequency (twice a week) the largest overall color difference (Δ E ) with respect the non‐sprayed fruits was obtained. Foliar urea increased anthocyanin concentration to control values but flavonoids were only affected at the highest application frequency. N deficiency induced oxidative stress but foliar application of urea altered this response, significantly diminishing catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity. CONCLUSION: Sweet pepper fruits showed a significant and positive response to foliar fertilization on the studied parameters, compensating to a major extent the reduction of N by the roots. In addition to the environmental issues in reducing N contamination, fully monitored automatically sprayed foliar fertilizer could utilize N more efficiently and at lower cost than applying the full recommended rate of other N fertilizers to the nutrient solution, providing flexibility in correcting N nutrition in the plant, and especially the control of nutrient supply independent of the water supply. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea in root N-limited sweet pepper plants increased total N concentration in the fruits.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper
Capsicum annuumt0 - Treatment
- Foliar applications of ureae1
- Outcome
- total N concentration in the fruitse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of foliar urea on the antioxidant response and fruit color of sweet pepper under limited N supply”
e1“Foliar applications of urea in root N‐limited plants increased the total N concentration in the fruits and no significant differences were found with respect to control fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea in root N-limited sweet pepper plants gave fruit total N concentration with no significant difference from control fruits.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar applications of ureae1
- Outcome
- total N concentration in the fruitse1
- Direction
- no significant differencese1
- Comparator
- control fruitse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of foliar urea on the antioxidant response and fruit color of sweet pepper under limited N supply”
e1“Foliar applications of urea in root N‐limited plants increased the total N concentration in the fruits and no significant differences were found with respect to control fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea sprays significantly affected sweet pepper fruit color.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- urea sprayse2
- Outcome
- Fruit colore2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of foliar urea on the antioxidant response and fruit color of sweet pepper under limited N supply”
e2“Fruit color was significantly affected by the urea sprays, and at the highest frequency (twice a week) the largest overall color difference (Δ E ) with respect the non‐sprayed fruits was obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea sprays at the highest frequency gave the largest overall color difference from non-sprayed sweet pepper fruits.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- the highest frequency (twice a week)e2
- Outcome
- overall color differencee2
- Direction
- largeste2
- Comparator
- non‐sprayed fruitse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of foliar urea on the antioxidant response and fruit color of sweet pepper under limited N supply”
e2“Fruit color was significantly affected by the urea sprays, and at the highest frequency (twice a week) the largest overall color difference (Δ E ) with respect the non‐sprayed fruits was obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea increased sweet pepper anthocyanin concentration to control values.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar ureae3
- Outcome
- anthocyanin concentratione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- control valuese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of foliar urea on the antioxidant response and fruit color of sweet pepper under limited N supply”
e3“Foliar urea increased anthocyanin concentration to control values but flavonoids were only affected at the highest application frequency”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoids of sweet pepper were affected only at the highest foliar urea application frequency.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- the highest application frequencye3
- Outcome
- flavonoidse3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of foliar urea on the antioxidant response and fruit color of sweet pepper under limited N supply”
e3“Foliar urea increased anthocyanin concentration to control values but flavonoids were only affected at the highest application frequency”
Claim · model-written summary
N deficiency induced oxidative stress in sweet pepper plants.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- N deficiencye4
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of foliar urea on the antioxidant response and fruit color of sweet pepper under limited N supply”
e4“N deficiency induced oxidative stress but foliar application of urea altered this response, significantly diminishing catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea significantly reduced catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in N-deficient sweet pepper plants.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of ureae4
- Outcome
- catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activitye4
- Direction
- diminishinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of foliar urea on the antioxidant response and fruit color of sweet pepper under limited N supply”
e4“N deficiency induced oxidative stress but foliar application of urea altered this response, significantly diminishing catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Fully monitored automatically sprayed foliar fertilizer could utilize N more efficiently and at lower cost than the full recommended rate of other N fertilizers in the nutrient solution.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- fully monitored automatically sprayed foliar fertilizere5
- Outcome
- utilize N more efficientlye5
- Qualifier
- at lower coste5
- Comparator
- full recommended rate of other N fertilizerse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of foliar urea on the antioxidant response and fruit color of sweet pepper under limited N supply”
e5“fully monitored automatically sprayed foliar fertilizer could utilize N more efficiently and at lower cost than applying the full recommended rate of other N fertilizers to the nutrient solution”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.