Abstract
Abstract Mixed swards of white clover–grass mixtures in highly productive environments often fail to reach the minimum recommended annual clover proportion of about 0·30. This study assessed the effect on clover content and total dry matter (DM) yield of two spring N applications (0 and 45 kg N ha −1 ) and two distances between drilled grass‐rows (0·18 and 0·36 m) over 3 years for mown swards of white clover–Italian ryegrass ( Trifolium repens–Lolium multiflorum ) in binary mixtures in northern Italy. An additional aim was to determine the advantage of association of grass–clover compared with grass and clover monocultures. On average, N fertilization of mixtures resulted in almost 9% higher total yield ( P < 0·01; mean response = 18·1 kg of total DM per kg of N) but decreased the clover proportion (0·250 vs. 0·312). Wider grass‐row spacing increased clover proportion (0·327 vs. 0·234; P < 0·01) with no reduction of total DM yield. N fertilization × grass‐row spacing interaction occurred only for clover content ( P < 0·01). Without N fertilization, mixtures out‐yielded clover and grass pure stands. With N fertilization, at double rate to pure grass, yields from mixtures were greater than from clover and comparable to Italian ryegrass.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization of mixtures increased total yield by almost 9%, a mean response of 18.1 kg total DM per kg N.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense0 - Treatment
- N fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- total yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- almost 9%e1
- Qualifier
- mean response = 18·1 kg of total DM per kg of Ne2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed swards of white clover–grass mixtures in highly productive environments”
e1“N fertilization of mixtures resulted in almost 9% higher total yield”
e2“mean response = 18·1 kg of total DM per kg of N”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization decreased clover proportion in mixtures (0.250 vs. 0.312).
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- clover proportione3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 0·250 vs. 0·312e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed swards of white clover–grass mixtures in highly productive environments”
e1“N fertilization of mixtures resulted in almost 9% higher total yield”
e3“but decreased the clover proportion (0·250 vs. 0·312)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider grass-row spacing increased clover proportion (0.327 vs. 0.234).
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Wider grass‐row spacinge4
- Outcome
- clover proportione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 0·327 vs. 0·234e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed swards of white clover–grass mixtures in highly productive environments”
e4“Wider grass‐row spacing increased clover proportion (0·327 vs. 0·234; P < 0·01) with no reduction of total DM yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider grass-row spacing did not reduce total DM yield.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Wider grass‐row spacinge4
- Outcome
- total DM yielde4
- Direction
- no reductione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed swards of white clover–grass mixtures in highly productive environments”
e4“Wider grass‐row spacing increased clover proportion (0·327 vs. 0·234; P < 0·01) with no reduction of total DM yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The N fertilization by grass-row spacing interaction was significant for clover content only.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- N fertilization × grass‐row spacinge5
- Outcome
- clover contente5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed swards of white clover–grass mixtures in highly productive environments”
e5“N fertilization × grass‐row spacing interaction occurred only for clover content ( P < 0·01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Without N fertilization, mixtures out-yielded clover and grass pure stands.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- mixturese6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- out‐yieldede6
- Qualifier
- Without N fertilizatione6
- Comparator
- clover and grass pure standse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed swards of white clover–grass mixtures in highly productive environments”
e6“Without N fertilization, mixtures out‐yielded clover and grass pure stands”
Claim · model-written summary
With N fertilization at double rate to pure grass, mixtures yielded more than clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- mixturese7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Qualifier
- at double rate to pure grasse7
- Comparator
- clovere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed swards of white clover–grass mixtures in highly productive environments”
e7“With N fertilization, at double rate to pure grass, yields from mixtures were greater than from clover and comparable to Italian ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
With N fertilization, mixture yields were comparable to Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- mixturese7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Direction
- comparablee7
- Comparator
- Italian ryegrasse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed swards of white clover–grass mixtures in highly productive environments”
e7“With N fertilization, at double rate to pure grass, yields from mixtures were greater than from clover and comparable to Italian ryegrass”
The same questions in other papers
density · growth · Trifolium repens (white clover)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
fertilization · yield · Trifolium repens (white clover)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.