Abstract
Effects of 5-week soil solarization, either alone or combined with dazomet or a chicken manure compost, on tomato and melon yield, root-knot nematode infestation and weeds were investigated along three crop cycles in a plastic greenhouse infested by Meloidogyne javanica in Southern Italy. Solarization treatment, either alone and combined with dazomet or organic amendment, always resulted in a significant increase of marketable crop yield, and its effect lasted up to two years from the treatment. Nematode population indices and number of root galls were always lower in solarized soil than in untreated control. Organic amendment alone suppressed soil nematode population only in the first two crop cycles, though less than solarization and with no significant reduction of gall formation. Dazomet alone resulted in a yield increase only in the first tomato crop, with no significant reduction of soil nematode density and root galls. Solarization treatment completely suppressed the emergence of all the annual and perennial weed species, though C. rotundus was controlled only immediately after the treatment. Suppressivity of SOL on annual weeds and the perennial C. dactylon was extended to the tomato and melon crop following the treatment, but persisted on D. sanguinalis and P. oleracea, also in the third crop. Combination of solarization with dazomet or chicken manure compost did not enhance the suppressive effect on weeds. Solarization confirmed to provide an effective suppression of root-knot nematodes and weeds in the greenhouse vegetable crop systems of warm climate regions, with no need to be combined with other control tools.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Solarization alone or combined with dazomet or organic amendment significantly increased marketable crop yield, with the effect lasting up to two years.
- Taxon
- Tomato and Melon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis melo
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Solarization treatmente0
- Outcome
- marketable crop yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- its effect lasted up to two years from the treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Long Time Effect of Soil Solarization Integrated with Dazomet or Chicken Manure on Yield, Weeds and Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato and Melon”
e0“Solarization treatment, either alone and combined with dazomet or organic amendment, always resulted in a significant increase of marketable crop yield, and its effect lasted up to two years from the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Solarized soil had lower nematode population indices and root galls than untreated control.
- Taxon
- Tomato and MelonCucumis meloSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- solarized soile1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodes
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee7pest - Outcome
- Nematode population indices and number of root gallse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Long Time Effect of Soil Solarization Integrated with Dazomet or Chicken Manure on Yield, Weeds and Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato and Melon”
e1“Nematode population indices and number of root galls were always lower in solarized soil than in untreated control”
e7“Solarization confirmed to provide an effective suppression of root-knot nematodes and weeds in the greenhouse vegetable crop systems of warm climate regions, with no need to be combined with other control tools”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic amendment alone suppressed soil nematode population only in the first two crop cycles, less than solarization.
- Taxon
- Tomato and MelonCucumis meloSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Organic amendment alonee2
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodesMeloidogynee7pest
- Outcome
- soil nematode populatione2
- Direction
- suppressede2
- Qualifier
- only in the first two crop cyclese2
- Comparator
- solarizatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Long Time Effect of Soil Solarization Integrated with Dazomet or Chicken Manure on Yield, Weeds and Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato and Melon”
e2“Organic amendment alone suppressed soil nematode population only in the first two crop cycles, though less than solarization and with no significant reduction of gall formation”
e7“Solarization confirmed to provide an effective suppression of root-knot nematodes and weeds in the greenhouse vegetable crop systems of warm climate regions, with no need to be combined with other control tools”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic amendment alone gave no significant reduction of root gall formation.
- Taxon
- Tomato and MelonCucumis meloSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Organic amendment alonee2
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodesMeloidogynee7pest
- Outcome
- gall formatione2
- Direction
- no significant reductione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Long Time Effect of Soil Solarization Integrated with Dazomet or Chicken Manure on Yield, Weeds and Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato and Melon”
e2“Organic amendment alone suppressed soil nematode population only in the first two crop cycles, though less than solarization and with no significant reduction of gall formation”
e7“Solarization confirmed to provide an effective suppression of root-knot nematodes and weeds in the greenhouse vegetable crop systems of warm climate regions, with no need to be combined with other control tools”
Claim · model-written summary
Dazomet alone increased yield only in the first tomato crop.
- Taxon
- Tomato and MelonCucumis meloSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Dazomet alonee3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- only in the first tomato crope3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Long Time Effect of Soil Solarization Integrated with Dazomet or Chicken Manure on Yield, Weeds and Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato and Melon”
e3“Dazomet alone resulted in a yield increase only in the first tomato crop, with no significant reduction of soil nematode density and root galls”
Claim · model-written summary
Dazomet alone gave no significant reduction of soil nematode density or root galls.
- Taxon
- Tomato and MelonCucumis meloSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Dazomet alonee3
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodesMeloidogynee7pest
- Outcome
- soil nematode density and root gallse3
- Direction
- no significant reductione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Long Time Effect of Soil Solarization Integrated with Dazomet or Chicken Manure on Yield, Weeds and Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato and Melon”
e3“Dazomet alone resulted in a yield increase only in the first tomato crop, with no significant reduction of soil nematode density and root galls”
e7“Solarization confirmed to provide an effective suppression of root-knot nematodes and weeds in the greenhouse vegetable crop systems of warm climate regions, with no need to be combined with other control tools”
Claim · model-written summary
Solarization suppressed the emergence of all annual and perennial weed species.
- Taxon
- Tomato and MelonCucumis meloSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Solarization treatmente4
- Interactor
- weed speciese4weed
- Outcome
- emergence of all the annual and perennial weed speciese4
- Direction
- suppressede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Long Time Effect of Soil Solarization Integrated with Dazomet or Chicken Manure on Yield, Weeds and Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato and Melon”
e4“Solarization treatment completely suppressed the emergence of all the annual and perennial weed species, though C. rotundus was controlled only immediately after the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Solarization controlled Cyperus rotundus only immediately after the treatment.
- Taxon
- Tomato and MelonCucumis meloSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Solarization treatmente4
- Interactor
- C. rotunduse4weed
- Outcome
- C. rotunduse4
- Direction
- controllede4
- Qualifier
- only immediately after the treatmente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Long Time Effect of Soil Solarization Integrated with Dazomet or Chicken Manure on Yield, Weeds and Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato and Melon”
e4“Solarization treatment completely suppressed the emergence of all the annual and perennial weed species, though C. rotundus was controlled only immediately after the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Solarization suppressivity on annual weeds and the perennial C. dactylon extended to the tomato and melon crop following the treatment.
- Taxon
- tomato and melonCucumis meloSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- SOLe5
- Interactor
- C. dactylone5weed
- Outcome
- Suppressivity of SOL on annual weeds and the perennial C. dactylone5
- Direction
- extendede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Suppressivity of SOL on annual weeds and the perennial C. dactylon was extended to the tomato and melon crop following the treatment, but persisted on D. sanguinalis and P. oleracea, also in the third crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Solarization suppressivity persisted on D. sanguinalis and P. oleracea, also in the third crop.
- Taxon
- tomato and melonCucumis meloSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- SOLe5
- Interactor
- D. sanguinalise5weed
- Second interactor
- P. oleraceae5weed
- Outcome
- Suppressivity of SOLe5
- Direction
- persistede5
- Qualifier
- also in the third crope5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Suppressivity of SOL on annual weeds and the perennial C. dactylon was extended to the tomato and melon crop following the treatment, but persisted on D. sanguinalis and P. oleracea, also in the third crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining solarization with dazomet or chicken manure compost did not enhance the suppressive effect on weeds.
- Taxon
- Tomato and MelonCucumis meloSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of solarization with dazomet or chicken manure composte6
- Outcome
- suppressive effect on weedse6
- Direction
- did not enhancee6
- Comparator
- solarizatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Long Time Effect of Soil Solarization Integrated with Dazomet or Chicken Manure on Yield, Weeds and Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato and Melon”
e6“Combination of solarization with dazomet or chicken manure compost did not enhance the suppressive effect on weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Solarization effectively suppressed root-knot nematodes and weeds in greenhouse vegetable systems of warm climate regions, with no need for other control tools.
- Taxon
- Tomato and MelonCucumis meloSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Solarizatione7
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodesMeloidogynee7pest
- Second interactor
- weedse7weed
- Outcome
- suppression of root-knot nematodes and weedse7
- Direction
- effective suppressione7
- Qualifier
- with no need to be combined with other control toolse7
- Setting
- greenhouse vegetable crop systems of warm climate regionse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Long Time Effect of Soil Solarization Integrated with Dazomet or Chicken Manure on Yield, Weeds and Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato and Melon”
e7“Solarization confirmed to provide an effective suppression of root-knot nematodes and weeds in the greenhouse vegetable crop systems of warm climate regions, with no need to be combined with other control tools”
The same questions in other papers
dazomet · Meloidogyne · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →dazomet · weed · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
dazomet · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →solarization · weed · Cucumis melo (muskmelon)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
fertilization · weed · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →solarization · Meloidogyne · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →solarization · quality: postharvest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →solarization · quality: postharvest · Cucumis melo (muskmelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.