Abstract
Abstract The following work was initiated to determine the scope of application methodology and fumigant combinations for increasing efficacy of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and metam sodium for management of root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) in Florida. A series of five experiments were set up during spring and fall seasons to evaluate the potential of different fumigants, alone or in combination, in polyethylene film tomato production. The most promising chemical alternatives to methyl bromide, in terms of root-knot nematode management, were the combinations 1,3-D-chloropicrin, chloropicrin-proprietary solvent, and 1,3-D-metam sodium. Sprayed or injected metam sodium generally provided only short-term nematode management and by harvest nematode infection was not different from the nontreated control. Drip-applied metam sodium gave good nematode management under high nematode pressure, but needs further verification to establish (i) the importance of soil moisture and temperature on treatment efficacy and (ii) whether similar management can be obtained with fewer than three drip tubes. Broadcast applications of 1,3-D showed better efficacy as compared to applications on a preformed raised bed. Fumigation did not increase tomato yields in spring when root-knot nematode pressure was low, but during fall all chemical treatments increased yields three to five-fold, as root-knot nematode was a major yield-limiting factor.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Three combinations were the most promising methyl bromide alternatives for nematode management.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Interactor
- Root-knot Nematode
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynet0pathogene0 - Outcome
- most promising chemical alternatives to methyl bromidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The most promising chemical alternatives to methyl bromide, in terms of root-knot nematode management, were the combinations 1,3-D-chloropicrin, chloropicrin-proprietary solvent, and 1,3-D-metam sodium.”
t0“Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Control of Root-knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne spp.) in Tomato Production in Florida”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed or injected metam sodium provided only short-term nematode management.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sprayed or injected metam sodiume0
- Interactor
- Root-knot NematodeMeloidogynet0pathogene0
- Outcome
- nematode managemente0
- Qualifier
- only short-terme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprayed or injected metam sodium generally provided only short-term nematode management and by harvest nematode infection was not different from the nontreated control.”
t0“Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Control of Root-knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne spp.) in Tomato Production in Florida”
Claim · model-written summary
At harvest, nematode infection after sprayed or injected metam sodium did not differ from untreated control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sprayed or injected metam sodiume0
- Interactor
- Root-knot NematodeMeloidogynet0pathogene0
- Outcome
- nematode infectione0
- Direction
- not differente0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprayed or injected metam sodium generally provided only short-term nematode management and by harvest nematode infection was not different from the nontreated control.”
t0“Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Control of Root-knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne spp.) in Tomato Production in Florida”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip-applied metam sodium managed nematodes well under high pressure.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Drip-applied metam sodiume0
- Interactor
- Root-knot NematodeMeloidogynet0pathogene0
- Outcome
- nematode managemente0
- Qualifier
- under high nematode pressuree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drip-applied metam sodium gave good nematode management under high nematode pressure”
t0“Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Control of Root-knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne spp.) in Tomato Production in Florida”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast 1,3-D was more effective than application on a preformed raised bed.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Broadcast applications of 1,3-De0
- Interactor
- Root-knot NematodeMeloidogynet0pathogene0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- applications on a preformed raised bede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broadcast applications of 1,3-D showed better efficacy as compared to applications on a preformed raised bed.”
t0“Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Control of Root-knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne spp.) in Tomato Production in Florida”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation did not raise tomato yield in spring with low nematode pressure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Fumigatione0
- Interactor
- Root-knot NematodeMeloidogynet0pathogene0
- Outcome
- tomato yieldse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- in spring when root-knot nematode pressure was lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigation did not increase tomato yields in spring when root-knot nematode pressure was low”
t0“Root-knot Nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
In fall all chemical treatments increased tomato yield three to five-fold.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all chemical treatmentse0
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee0pathogen
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- three to five-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during fall all chemical treatments increased yields three to five-fold, as root-knot nematode was a major yield-limiting factor.”
t0“Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Control of Root-knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne spp.) in Tomato Production in Florida”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.