Abstract
Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber under a photoperiod of 16 h light at 25 degrees C and 8 h dark at 20 degrees C. Five different treatments were applied to 30-day-old plants: Control treatment (plants maintained in the normal growth conditions throughout the experimental time), heat acclimation (plants exposed to 35 degrees C for 4 h in dark for 3 days), dark treatment (plants exposed to 25 degrees C for 4 h in dark for 3 days), heat acclimation plus heat shock (plants that previously received the heat acclimation treatment were exposed to 45 degrees C air temperature for 3 h in the light) and dark treatment plus heat shock (plants that previously received the dark treatment were exposed to 45 degrees C air temperature for 3 h in the light). Only the heat acclimation treatment increased the thermotolerance of the photosynthesis apparatus when the heat shock (45 degrees C) was imposed. In these plants, the CO(2) assimilation rate was not affected by heat shock and there was a slight and non-significant reduction in maximum carboxylation velocity of Rubisco (V(cmax)) and maximum electron transport rate contributing to Rubisco regeneration (J(max)). However, the plants exposed to dark treatment plus heat shock showed a significant reduction in the CO(2) assimilation rate and also in the values of V(cmax) and J(max). Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed increased thermotolerance in heat-acclimated plants. The values of maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (F(m)) were not modified by heat shock in these plants, while in the dark-treated plants that received the heat shock, the F(m) values were reduced, which provoked a significant reduction in the efficiency of photosystem II. A slight rise in the total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found in the plants that had been subjected to both heat acclimation and heat shock, and this SOD activity was significantly higher than that found in the plants subjected to dark treatment plus heat shock. The activity of Fe-SOD isoenzymes was most enhanced in heat-acclimated plants but was unaltered in the plants that received the dark treatment. Total CuZn-SOD activity was reduced in all treatments. Darkness had an inhibitory effect on the Mn-SOD isoenzyme activity, which was compensated by the effect of a rise in air temperature to 35 degrees C. These results show that the heat tolerance of tomatoplants may be increased by the previous imposition of a moderately high temperature and could be related with the thermal stability in the photochemical reactions and a readjustment of V(cmax) and J(max). Some isoenzymes, such as the Fe-SODs, may also play a role in the development of heat-shock tolerance through heat acclimation. In fact, the pattern found for these isoenzymes in heat-acclimated Amalia plants was similar to that previously described in other heat-tolerant tomato genotypes.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Heat acclimation alone increased thermotolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus when heat shock was imposed.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentum
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- Amaliae0
- Treatment
- heat acclimatione1
- Outcome
- thermotolerance of the photosynthesis apparatuse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- heat shock (45 degrees C)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e1“Only the heat acclimation treatment increased the thermotolerance of the photosynthesis apparatus when the heat shock (45 degrees C) was imposed”
Claim · model-written summary
In heat-acclimated plants, CO2 assimilation rate was not affected by heat shock.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heat shocke2
- Outcome
- CO(2) assimilation ratee2
- Direction
- not affectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e2“In these plants, the CO(2) assimilation rate was not affected by heat shock”
Claim · model-written summary
In heat-acclimated plants, heat shock caused a slight and non-significant reduction in Vcmax and Jmax.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heat shocke2
- Outcome
- maximum carboxylation velocity of Rubisco (V(cmax)) and maximum electron transport rate contributing to Rubisco regeneration (J(max))e3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Qualifier
- slight and non-significante3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e2“In these plants, the CO(2) assimilation rate was not affected by heat shock”
e3“there was a slight and non-significant reduction in maximum carboxylation velocity of Rubisco (V(cmax)) and maximum electron transport rate contributing to Rubisco regeneration (J(max))”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark treatment plus heat shock significantly reduced CO2 assimilation rate and Vcmax and Jmax.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- dark treatment plus heat shocke4
- Outcome
- CO(2) assimilation rate and also in the values of V(cmax) and J(max)e4
- Direction
- significant reductione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e4“the plants exposed to dark treatment plus heat shock showed a significant reduction in the CO(2) assimilation rate and also in the values of V(cmax) and J(max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll fluorescence showed increased thermotolerance in heat-acclimated plants.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heat-acclimated plantse5
- Outcome
- thermotolerancee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- Chlorophyll fluorescence measurementse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e5“Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed increased thermotolerance in heat-acclimated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fm) was not modified by heat shock in heat-acclimated plants.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heat shocke6
- Outcome
- values of maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (F(m))e6
- Direction
- not modifiede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e6“The values of maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (F(m)) were not modified by heat shock in these plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In dark-treated plants that received heat shock, Fm values were reduced.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- dark-treated plants that received the heat shocke7
- Outcome
- the F(m) valuese7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e7“in the dark-treated plants that received the heat shock, the F(m) values were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
In dark-treated plants that received heat shock, efficiency of photosystem II was significantly reduced.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- dark-treated plants that received the heat shocke7
- Outcome
- efficiency of photosystem IIe2
- Direction
- significant reductione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e7“in the dark-treated plants that received the heat shock, the F(m) values were reduced”
e2“which provoked a significant reduction in the efficiency of photosystem II”
Claim · model-written summary
A slight rise in total SOD activity was found in plants given heat acclimation and heat shock.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heat acclimation and heat shocke1
- Outcome
- total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye1
- Direction
- risee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e1“A slight rise in the total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found in the plants that had been subjected to both heat acclimation and heat shock, and this SOD activity was significantly higher than that found in the plants subjected to dark treatment plus heat shock”
Claim · model-written summary
Total SOD activity was significantly higher with heat acclimation and heat shock than with dark treatment plus heat shock.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heat acclimation and heat shocke1
- Outcome
- SOD activitye1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
- Comparator
- dark treatment plus heat shocke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e1“A slight rise in the total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found in the plants that had been subjected to both heat acclimation and heat shock, and this SOD activity was significantly higher than that found in the plants subjected to dark treatment plus heat shock”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-SOD isoenzyme activity was most enhanced in heat-acclimated plants.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heat-acclimated plantse2
- Gene
- Fe-SOD isoenzymese2
- Outcome
- activity of Fe-SOD isoenzymese2
- Direction
- most enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e2“The activity of Fe-SOD isoenzymes was most enhanced in heat-acclimated plants but was unaltered in the plants that received the dark treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-SOD isoenzyme activity was unaltered in plants given dark treatment.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- dark treatmente2
- Gene
- Fe-SOD isoenzymese2
- Outcome
- activity of Fe-SOD isoenzymese2
- Direction
- unalterede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e2“The activity of Fe-SOD isoenzymes was most enhanced in heat-acclimated plants but was unaltered in the plants that received the dark treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Total CuZn-SOD activity was reduced in all treatments.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse3
- Gene
- CuZn-SODe3
- Outcome
- Total CuZn-SOD activitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e3“Total CuZn-SOD activity was reduced in all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Darkness had an inhibitory effect on Mn-SOD isoenzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Darknesse4
- Gene
- Mn-SODe4
- Outcome
- Mn-SOD isoenzyme activitye4
- Direction
- inhibitory effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e4“Darkness had an inhibitory effect on the Mn-SOD isoenzyme activity, which was compensated by the effect of a rise in air temperature to 35 degrees C”
Claim · model-written summary
A rise in air temperature to 35 degrees C compensated the darkness-induced inhibition of Mn-SOD isoenzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- a rise in air temperature to 35 degrees Ce4
- Gene
- Mn-SODe4
- Outcome
- Mn-SOD isoenzyme activitye4
- Direction
- compensatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber”
e4“Darkness had an inhibitory effect on the Mn-SOD isoenzyme activity, which was compensated by the effect of a rise in air temperature to 35 degrees C”
Claim · model-written summary
Previous moderately high temperature may increase heat tolerance in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoplantse5
- Treatment
- previous imposition of a moderately high temperaturee5
- Outcome
- heat tolerancee5
- Direction
- may be increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e5“These results show that the heat tolerance of tomatoplants may be increased by the previous imposition of a moderately high temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-SODs may play a role in the development of heat-shock tolerance through heat acclimation.
Verbatim
e5“These results show that the heat tolerance of tomatoplants may be increased by the previous imposition of a moderately high temperature”
e7“Some isoenzymes, such as the Fe-SODs, may also play a role in the development of heat-shock tolerance through heat acclimation”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.