Abstract
In addition to the important role of abscisic acid (ABA) in abiotic stress signalling, basal and high ABA levels appear to have a negative effect on disease resistance. Using the ABA-deficient sitiens tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutant and different application methods of exogenous ABA, we demonstrated the influence of this plant hormone on disease progression of Erwinia chrysanthemi. This necrotrophic plant pathogenic bacterium is responsible for soft rot disease on many plant species, causing maceration symptoms mainly due to the production and secretion of pectinolytic enzymes. On wild-type (WT) tomato cv. Moneymaker E. chrysanthemi leaf inoculation resulted in maceration both within and beyond the infiltrated zone of the leaf, but sitiens showed a very low occurrence of tissue maceration, which never extended the infiltrated zone. A single ABA treatment prior to infection eliminated the effect of pathogen restriction in sitiens, while repeated ABA spraying during plant development rendered both WT and sitiens very susceptible. Quantification of E. chrysanthemi populations inside the leaf did not reveal differences in bacterial growth between sitiens and WT. Sitiens was not more resistant to pectinolytic cell-wall degradation, but upon infection it showed a faster and stronger activation of defence responses than WT, such as hydrogen peroxide accumulation, peroxidase activation and cell-wall fortifications. Moreover, the rapid activation of sitiens peroxidases was also observed after application of bacteria-free culture filtrate containing E. chrysanthemi cell-wall-degrading enzymes and was absent during infection with an out E. chrysanthemi mutant impaired in secretion of these extracellular enzymes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated wild-type tomato had maceration within and beyond the infiltrated leaf zone.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- Moneymakere0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- E. chrysanthemi leaf inoculatione0
- Interactor
- E. chrysanthemi
-_Bacterial_soft_rot.jpg?width=60)
Dickeya chrysanthemie0pathogen - Outcome
- maceratione0
- Direction
- within and beyond the infiltrated zonee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
-_Bacterial_soft_rot.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“On wild-type (WT) tomato cv. Moneymaker E. chrysanthemi leaf inoculation resulted in maceration both within and beyond the infiltrated zone of the leaf”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The sitiens mutant had little maceration, confined to the infiltrated zone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- sitiense1
- Outcome
- tissue maceratione0
- Direction
- very low occurrencee0
- Qualifier
- never extended the infiltrated zonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sitiens showed a very low occurrence of tissue maceration, which never extended the infiltrated zone.”
t0“tomato”
e1“ABA-deficient sitiens tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
A single preinfection ABA treatment removed pathogen restriction in sitiens.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- sitiense1
- Treatment
- A single ABA treatment prior to infectione0
- Outcome
- pathogen restrictione0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single ABA treatment prior to infection eliminated the effect of pathogen restriction in sitiens”
t0“tomato”
e1“ABA-deficient sitiens tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated ABA spraying made both WT and sitiens very susceptible.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- WT and sitiense0
- Treatment
- repeated ABA spraying during plant developmente0
- Outcome
- susceptiblee0
- Direction
- very susceptiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“repeated ABA spraying during plant development rendered both WT and sitiens very susceptible.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial growth inside leaves did not differ between sitiens and WT.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- sitiense1
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Interactor
- E. chrysanthemiDickeya chrysanthemie0pathogen
- Outcome
- bacterial growthe0
- Direction
- did not reveal differencese0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quantification of E. chrysanthemi populations inside the leaf did not reveal differences in bacterial growth between sitiens and WT.”
t0“tomato”
e1“ABA-deficient sitiens tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Sitiens was no more resistant to pectinolytic cell-wall degradation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Sitiense0
- Outcome
- pectinolytic cell-wall degradatione0
- Direction
- not more resistante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sitiens was not more resistant to pectinolytic cell-wall degradation”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection triggered faster and stronger hydrogen peroxide accumulation, peroxidase activation, and cell-wall fortification in sitiens than WT.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- sitiense1
- Treatment
- infectione0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide accumulation, peroxidase activation and cell-wall fortificationse0
- Direction
- faster and strongere0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upon infection it showed a faster and stronger activation of defence responses than WT, such as hydrogen peroxide accumulation, peroxidase activation and cell-wall fortifications.”
t0“tomato”
e1“ABA-deficient sitiens tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria-free culture filtrate activated sitiens peroxidases rapidly.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- sitiense1
- Treatment
- bacteria-free culture filtrate containing E. chrysanthemi cell-wall-degrading enzymese0
- Interactor
- E. chrysanthemiDickeya chrysanthemie0pathogen
- Outcome
- peroxidasese2
- Direction
- rapid activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rapid activation of sitiens peroxidases was also observed after application of bacteria-free culture filtrate containing E. chrysanthemi cell-wall-degrading enzymes”
t0“tomato”
e1“ABA-deficient sitiens tomato”
e2“sitiens peroxidases”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid peroxidase activation was absent with an enzyme-secretion-impaired E. chrysanthemi mutant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- infection with an out E. chrysanthemi mutante0
- Interactor
- E. chrysanthemiDickeya chrysanthemie0pathogen
- Outcome
- peroxidasese1
- Direction
- absente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was absent during infection with an out E. chrysanthemi mutant impaired in secretion of these extracellular enzymes.”
t0“tomato”
e1“sitiens peroxidases”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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inoculation · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.