Abstract
The possible association with nitric oxide (NO) and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle in regulating aluminum (Al) tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated using two genotypes with different Al resistance. Exposure to Al inhibited root elongation, and triggered lipid peroxidation and oxidation of AsA to dehydroascorbate and GSH to glutathione disulfide in wheat roots. Exogenous NO significantly increased endogenous NO levels, and subsequently alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and oxidation of AsA and GSH to maintain the redox molecules in the reduced form in both wheat genotypes. Under Al stress, significantly increased activities and gene transcriptional levels of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase, were observed in the root tips of the Al-tolerant genotype Jian-864. Nitric oxide application enhanced the activity and gene transcriptional level of these enzymes in both wheat genotypes. γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase was not significantly affected by Al or NO, but NO treatments increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase to a greater extent than the Al-treated wheat seedlings. Proline was significantly decreased by Al, while it was not affected by NO. These results clearly suggest that NO protects wheat root against Al-induced oxidative stress, possibly through its regulation of the AsA-GSH cycle.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Al exposure inhibited wheat root elongation.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to Al inhibited root elongation, and triggered lipid peroxidation and oxidation of AsA to dehydroascorbate and GSH to glutathione disulfide in wheat roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al exposure triggered lipid peroxidation in wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- triggerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to Al inhibited root elongation, and triggered lipid peroxidation and oxidation of AsA to dehydroascorbate and GSH to glutathione disulfide in wheat roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al exposure triggered oxidation of AsA to dehydroascorbate in wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- oxidation of AsA to dehydroascorbatee0
- Direction
- triggerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to Al inhibited root elongation, and triggered lipid peroxidation and oxidation of AsA to dehydroascorbate and GSH to glutathione disulfide in wheat roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al exposure triggered GSH to glutathione disulfide in wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- GSH to glutathione disulfidee0
- Direction
- triggerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to Al inhibited root elongation, and triggered lipid peroxidation and oxidation of AsA to dehydroascorbate and GSH to glutathione disulfide in wheat roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NO increased endogenous NO levels in both wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Exogenous NOe0
- Outcome
- endogenous NO levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- both wheat genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous NO significantly increased endogenous NO levels, and subsequently alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and oxidation of AsA and GSH to maintain the redox molecules in the reduced form in both wheat genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NO alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation in both wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Exogenous NOe0
- Outcome
- Al-induced inhibition of root elongatione0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- both wheat genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous NO significantly increased endogenous NO levels, and subsequently alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and oxidation of AsA and GSH to maintain the redox molecules in the reduced form in both wheat genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NO alleviated oxidation of AsA and GSH in both wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Exogenous NOe0
- Outcome
- oxidation of AsA and GSHe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- both wheat genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous NO significantly increased endogenous NO levels, and subsequently alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and oxidation of AsA and GSH to maintain the redox molecules in the reduced form in both wheat genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Al stress, activities of three redox enzymes increased in Jian-864 root tips.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jian-864e0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductasee0
- Outcome
- activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under Al stress, significantly increased activities and gene transcriptional levels of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase, were observed in the root tips of the Al-tolerant genotype Jian-864.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Al stress, gene transcriptional levels of three redox enzymes increased in Jian-864 root tips.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jian-864e0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductasee0
- Outcome
- gene transcriptional levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under Al stress, significantly increased activities and gene transcriptional levels of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase, were observed in the root tips of the Al-tolerant genotype Jian-864.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NO application enhanced enzyme activity in both wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Nitric oxide applicatione0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- both wheat genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitric oxide application enhanced the activity and gene transcriptional level of these enzymes in both wheat genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
NO application enhanced enzyme gene transcriptional level in both wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Nitric oxide applicatione0
- Outcome
- gene transcriptional levele0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- both wheat genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitric oxide application enhanced the activity and gene transcriptional level of these enzymes in both wheat genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al did not significantly affect γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Gene
- γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetasee0
- Outcome
- γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetasee0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase was not significantly affected by Al or NO, but NO treatments increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase to a greater extent than the Al-treated wheat seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
NO did not significantly affect γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Gene
- γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetasee0
- Outcome
- γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetasee0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase was not significantly affected by Al or NO, but NO treatments increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase to a greater extent than the Al-treated wheat seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
NO treatments increased glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activity more than Al treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NO treatmentse0
- Gene
- glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferasee0
- Outcome
- activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Al-treated wheat seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase was not significantly affected by Al or NO, but NO treatments increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase to a greater extent than the Al-treated wheat seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al significantly decreased proline.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- Prolinee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline was significantly decreased by Al, while it was not affected by NO.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NO did not affect proline.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Outcome
- Prolinee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline was significantly decreased by Al, while it was not affected by NO.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NO may protect wheat roots from Al oxidative stress through regulation of the AsA-GSH cycle.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Outcome
- Al-induced oxidative stresse0
- Qualifier
- possibly through its regulation of the AsA-GSH cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results clearly suggest that NO protects wheat root against Al-induced oxidative stress, possibly through its regulation of the AsA-GSH cycle.”
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