Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of essential oils derived from Hyptis marrubioides, Aloysia gratissima and Cordia verbenacea for controlling Asian soybean rust. The inhibitory activities of the essential oils (applied in a concentration range of 0.05 - 2%) on the germination of Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores were investigated using in vitro assays. The curative and eradicating properties of the oils (applied in a concentration range of 0.05 - 0.5%) were studied under greenhouse conditions using the P. pachyrhizi-susceptible soybean cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista). Scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the effects of the essential oils on the morphology of the P. pachyrhizi urediniospores. The treatment with the essential oils at all concentrations tested led to the total inhibition of spore germination in vitro. The curative application of the essential oils reduced the disease severity, expressed as the area under the disease-progress curves, by 33 to 41%, whereas the commercial fungicide (pyraclostrobin + epoxyconazole) employed as a positive control reduced the severity by 61%. The treatment of infected plants with the essential oils resulted in morphological alterations in the fungal structures that were similar to those produced by the commercial fungicide, namely, a shrivelling of the urediniospores, appressoria, germ tubes and paraphyses.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils at all tested concentrations completely inhibited P. pachyrhizi spore germination in vitro.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- essential oilse0
- Interactor
- P. pachyrhiziPhakopsora pachyrhizie1pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- total inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with the essential oils at all concentrations tested led to the total inhibition of spore germination in vitro.”
t0“Asian soybean rust”
e1“P. pachyrhizi urediniospores”
Claim · model-written summary
Curative essential oil application reduced soybean rust disease severity by 33 to 41%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- essential oilse0
- Interactor
- Phakopsora pachyrhiziPhakopsora pachyrhizie1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 33 to 41%e0
- Comparator
- commercial fungicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The curative application of the essential oils reduced the disease severity, expressed as the area under the disease-progress curves, by 33 to 41%, whereas the commercial fungicide (pyraclostrobin + epoxyconazole) employed as a positive control reduced the severity by 61%.”
t0“Essential oils from Hyptis marrubioides, Aloysia gratissima and Cordia verbenacea reduce the progress of Asian soybean rust”
e1“Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores”
Claim · model-written summary
The commercial fungicide reduced soybean rust severity by 61%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- commercial fungicide (pyraclostrobin + epoxyconazole)e0
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 61%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the commercial fungicide (pyraclostrobin + epoxyconazole) employed as a positive control reduced the severity by 61%”
t0“Asian soybean rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils altered fungal structures on infected soybean plants similarly to the commercial fungicide.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- essential oilse0
- Interactor
- fungale0pathogen
- Outcome
- morphological alterations in the fungal structurese0
- Direction
- shrivellinge0
- Comparator
- commercial fungicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of infected plants with the essential oils resulted in morphological alterations in the fungal structures that were similar to those produced by the commercial fungicide, namely, a shrivelling of the urediniospores, appressoria, germ tubes and paraphyses.”
t0“Asian soybean rust”
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