Abstract
A 3-year experiment was conducted to determine the optimum fertilizer N requirements of fresh-market tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) `Sunbeam' grown on a hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth.) or black polyethylene mulch. In 1993 and 1994, four rates of fertilizer N (0, 56, 112, and 168 kg·ha -1 ) as water-soluble NH 4 NO 3 were applied in 14 equal applications through the trickle irrigation system starting 1 week after planting. Four additional rates (224, 280, 336, and 392 kg·ha -1 ) were applied in 1995 to assess the plant response to supra-optimal levels of N. Hairy vetch produced 3.3–4.5 t·ha -1 of above-ground biomass and a total N content of 126–169 kg·ha -1 in the above-ground biomass. Leaf N content at 7 weeks after transplanting of tomatoes correlated positively with yield from black polyethylene but did not correlate with yield from the hairy vetch plots where leaf N content was optimal at all N rates. Predicted tomato yields were higher for the hairy vetch than for the black polyethylene treatment at all applied N rates in all years. Tomatoes grown in black polyethylene required N at 130 to 144 kg·ha -1 to achieve yields equivalent to those grown following unfertilized hairy vetch. Tomato yield increased in response to applied N in both mulches in all 3 years; optimum N rates of 89 and 190 kg·ha -1 in hairy vetch and black polyethylene, respectively, were predicted by a linear plateau model, and 124 and 295 kg·ha -1 by a quadratic plateau model. The linear plateau model is recommended because it would allow less N to become available for runoff and leaching.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch produced 3.3–4.5 t·ha -1 above-ground biomass.
- Taxon
- Hairy vetch
Vicia villosae0 - Outcome
- above-ground biomasse0
- Value
- 3.3–4.5 t·ha -1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hairy vetch produced 3.3–4.5 t·ha -1 of above-ground biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch above-ground biomass contained 126–169 kg·ha -1 total N.
- Taxon
- Hairy vetchVicia villosae0
- Outcome
- total N contente0
- Value
- 126–169 kg·ha -1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hairy vetch produced 3.3–4.5 t·ha -1 of above-ground biomass and a total N content of 126–169 kg·ha -1 in the above-ground biomass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato leaf N at seven weeks positively correlated with yield under polyethylene.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- Leafe0
- Treatment
- black polyethylenee0
- Compound
- Ne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Qualifier
- 7 weeks after transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf N content at 7 weeks after transplanting of tomatoes correlated positively with yield from black polyethylene”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato leaf N did not correlate with yield under hairy vetch.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- hairy vetche0
- Interactor
- hairy vetchVicia villosae0other
- Compound
- Ne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not correlatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf N content at 7 weeks after transplanting of tomatoes correlated positively with yield from black polyethylene but did not correlate with yield from the hairy vetch plots where leaf N content was optimal at all N rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf N was optimal at all nitrogen rates under hairy vetch.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- hairy vetche0
- Interactor
- hairy vetchVicia villosae0other
- Outcome
- leaf N contente0
- Direction
- optimale0
- Qualifier
- at all N ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hairy vetch plots where leaf N content was optimal at all N rates”
e1“transplanting of tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted tomato yields were higher under hairy vetch than polyethylene at every applied N rate in all years.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- hairy vetche0
- Interactor
- hairy vetchVicia villosae0other
- Outcome
- tomato yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- at all applied N rates in all yearse0
- Comparator
- black polyethylenee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Predicted tomato yields were higher for the hairy vetch than for the black polyethylene treatment at all applied N rates in all years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyethylene-grown tomatoes needed 130 to 144 kg·ha -1 N to match unfertilized hairy-vetch yields.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- black polyethylenee0
- Interactor
- hairy vetchVicia villosae0other
- Outcome
- required Ne0
- Value
- 130 to 144 kg·ha -1e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized hairy vetche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomatoes grown in black polyethylene required N at 130 to 144 kg·ha -1 to achieve yields equivalent to those grown following unfertilized hairy vetch.”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied N increased tomato yield under hairy vetch in all three years.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- applied Ne0
- Interactor
- hairy vetchVicia villosae0other
- Outcome
- Tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- all 3 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato yield increased in response to applied N in both mulches in all 3 years; optimum N rates of 89 and 190 kg·ha -1 in hairy vetch and black polyethylene, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied N increased tomato yield under polyethylene in all three years.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- applied Ne0
- Outcome
- Tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- black polyethylenee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato yield increased in response to applied N in both mulches in all 3 years; optimum N rates of 89 and 190 kg·ha -1 in hairy vetch and black polyethylene, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The linear plateau model predicted an optimum N rate of 89 kg·ha -1 under hairy vetch.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- hairy vetche0
- Interactor
- hairy vetchVicia villosae0other
- Outcome
- optimum N ratese0
- Value
- 89e0
- Qualifier
- linear plateau modele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato yield increased in response to applied N in both mulches in all 3 years; optimum N rates of 89 and 190 kg·ha -1 in hairy vetch and black polyethylene, respectively, were predicted by a linear plateau model”
Claim · model-written summary
The linear plateau model predicted an optimum N rate of 190 kg·ha -1 under polyethylene.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- black polyethylenee0
- Outcome
- optimum N ratese0
- Value
- 190 kg·ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- linear plateau modele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato yield increased in response to applied N in both mulches in all 3 years; optimum N rates of 89 and 190 kg·ha -1 in hairy vetch and black polyethylene, respectively, were predicted by a linear plateau model”
Claim · model-written summary
The quadratic plateau model predicted an optimum N rate of 124 kg·ha -1 under hairy vetch.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- hairy vetche1
- Interactor
- hairy vetchVicia villosae1other
- Outcome
- optimum N ratese1
- Value
- 124e0
- Qualifier
- quadratic plateau modele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 124 and 295 kg·ha -1 by a quadratic plateau model”
e1“Tomato yield increased in response to applied N in both mulches in all 3 years; optimum N rates of 89 and 190 kg·ha -1 in hairy vetch and black polyethylene, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The quadratic plateau model predicted an optimum N rate of 295 kg·ha -1 under polyethylene.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- black polyethylenee1
- Outcome
- optimum N ratese1
- Value
- 295 kg·ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- quadratic plateau modele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 124 and 295 kg·ha -1 by a quadratic plateau model”
e1“Tomato yield increased in response to applied N in both mulches in all 3 years; optimum N rates of 89 and 190 kg·ha -1 in hairy vetch and black polyethylene, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The linear plateau model is recommended to reduce nitrogen available for runoff and leaching.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The linear plateau model is recommended because it would allow less N to become available for runoff and leaching.”
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