Abstract
In August and September of 1993, a collar rot disease of peanut was observed in several fields in Virginia and North Carolina. Only a few scattered plants exhibited symptoms and signs of the disease in Southampton County and Suffolk, Virginia, and Northampton County, North Carolina. The disease was severe at two farm sites in Dinwiddie County, Virginia where the affected areas exceeded 0.4 ha in size. Numerous plants were either chlorotic, wilted, or dead. Symptomatic plants exhibited blackened stem cankers and pods. Diseased stems and tap roots were easily shredded to reveal slate-gray to black internal tissues. Black, erumpent pycnidia were observed on stem lesions at the soil surface. Immature conidia were single-celled and hyaline. Mature conidia were two-celled and dark brown. Morphological features of the fungus on diseased plants and potato dextrose agar were consistent with descriptions of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia gossypina). The fungus was isolated from discolored seed and asymptomatic seed from fields having plants which exhibited severe symptoms. Seed treatment with captan 1.125 g + pentachloronitrobenzene 0.375 g + carboxin 0.25 g a.i./kg reduced recovery of the fungus from seed, but did not eradicate the pathogen. This treatment on naturally infested seed provided significant early-season disease suppression and improved yield significantly in 1994. Season-long disease suppression and a significant yield increase were obtained in plots planted to fungicide-treated, commercial seed from non-infested fields. At-plant and mid-season applications of fungicides in 1994 and 1995 did not improve disease suppression over that of fungicide-treated, commercial seed. Overall, Virginia-type cultivars of peanut were more susceptible to collar rot than runner-type cultivars. Among the Virginia-type cultivars, NC-V 11 exhibited moderate susceptibility and the 79-X breeding line from Florida exhibited resistance. Georgia Browne and Southern Runner were the most resistant of the runner-type cultivars.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Collar rot occurred in peanut fields in Virginia and North Carolina.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Outcome
- collar rot diseasee0
- Setting
- Virginia and North Carolinae0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a collar rot disease of peanut was observed in several fields in Virginia and North Carolina”
Claim · model-written summary
Affected areas at two Virginia farms exceeded 0.4 ha.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The disease was severe at two farm sites in Dinwiddie County, Virginia where the affected areas exceeded 0.4 ha in size”
Claim · model-written summary
Affected peanut plants were chlorotic, wilted, or dead and had blackened stem cankers and pods.
- Outcome
- chlorotic, wilted, or deade0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Numerous plants were either chlorotic, wilted, or dead. Symptomatic plants exhibited blackened stem cankers and pods”
Claim · model-written summary
Diseased stems and roots had dark inner tissue and pycnidia on stem lesions.
- Outcome
- slate-gray to black internal tissuese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Diseased stems and tap roots were easily shredded to reveal slate-gray to black internal tissues. Black, erumpent pycnidia were observed on stem lesions at the soil surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal morphology on diseased plants matched Lasiodiplodia theobromae.
- Interactor
- Lasiodiplodia theobromae
_Lasiodiplodia_theobromae_sporulating_in_fruit_lesion.jpg?width=60)
Lasiodiplodia theobromaee0pathogen - Outcome
- consistent with descriptions of Lasiodiplodia theobromaee0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Lasiodiplodia_theobromae_sporulating_in_fruit_lesion.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Morphological features of the fungus on diseased plants and potato dextrose agar were consistent with descriptions of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia gossypina)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus was isolated from discolored and asymptomatic seed in severely affected fields.
- Outcome
- isolated from discolored seed and asymptomatic seede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The fungus was isolated from discolored seed and asymptomatic seed from fields having plants which exhibited severe symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
A three-fungicide seed treatment reduced fungal recovery without eradicating the pathogen.
- Treatment
- captan 1.125 g + pentachloronitrobenzene 0.375 g + carboxin 0.25 g a.i./kge0
- Outcome
- recovery of the fungus from seede0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with captan 1.125 g + pentachloronitrobenzene 0.375 g + carboxin 0.25 g a.i./kg reduced recovery of the fungus from seed, but did not eradicate the pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide treatment suppressed early disease on infested seed.
- Treatment
- This treatment on naturally infested seede0
- Outcome
- early-season disease suppressione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“This treatment on naturally infested seed provided significant early-season disease suppression and improved yield significantly in 1994”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide treatment significantly improved peanut yield in 1994.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“This treatment on naturally infested seed provided significant early-season disease suppression and improved yield significantly in 1994”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide-treated commercial seed from uninfested fields suppressed disease through the season.
- Treatment
- fungicide-treated, commercial seed from non-infested fieldse0
- Outcome
- Season-long disease suppressione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Season-long disease suppression and a significant yield increase were obtained in plots planted to fungicide-treated, commercial seed from non-infested fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide-treated commercial seed from uninfested fields significantly increased yield.
- Treatment
- fungicide-treated, commercial seed from non-infested fieldse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Season-long disease suppression and a significant yield increase were obtained in plots planted to fungicide-treated, commercial seed from non-infested fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional fungicide applications did not improve disease suppression relative to treated commercial seed.
- Treatment
- At-plant and mid-season applications of fungicidese0
- Outcome
- disease suppressione0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Comparator
- fungicide-treated, commercial seede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“At-plant and mid-season applications of fungicides in 1994 and 1995 did not improve disease suppression over that of fungicide-treated, commercial seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Virginia-type peanut cultivars were more susceptible to collar rot than runner types.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- Virginia-type cultivarse0
- Outcome
- susceptible to collar rote0
- Direction
- more susceptiblee0
- Comparator
- runner-type cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia-type cultivars of peanut were more susceptible to collar rot than runner-type cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
NC-V 11 had moderate susceptibility to collar rot.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“NC-V 11 exhibited moderate susceptibility”
Claim · model-written summary
The 79-X breeding line resisted collar rot.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the 79-X breeding line from Florida exhibited resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Georgia Browne and Southern Runner were the most resistant runner cultivars.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Georgia Browne and Southern Runner were the most resistant of the runner-type cultivars”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.