Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea , was significantly controlled by a single spray of aqueous solutions (25 mm) containing various phosphates and potassium salts. Phosphates were suppressive when applied alone; however, treatments in combination with Tween‐20 were more effective in causing the disappearance of powdery mildew pustules from diseased foliage. Efficiency of control, as expressed by the disappearance of 99% of pustules, was recorded 1 or 2 days after application of single sprays of phosphate and potassium salt solutions. Treatment was effective for up to 12 or 15 days, respectively, following application to small or large greenhouse‐grown plants with established mildew infection. Treatments also markedly reduced (> 99%) the production of eonidia from colonies. A further application of these salts to the same plants resulted in the elimination of about 50% of mildew colonies present prior to the application. Further spray application inhibited disease development compared with water‐sprayed plants, but did not reduce the number of existing lesions. Phosphate was more effective than the systemic fungicide pyrifenox and reduced established powdery mildew infection up to 11 days after application, but the converse was true when assessments were made after 15 days. These properties of phosphates and potassium salts make them appropriate for use as foliar fertilizers with a potential beneficial influence on disease control.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
A single phosphate and potassium salt spray significantly controlled cucumber powdery mildew.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- a single spray of aqueous solutions (25 mm) containing various phosphates and potassium saltse0
- Interactor
- Sphaerotheca fuliginea
Podosphaera fuligineae0pathogen - Outcome
- Powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“Powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea , was significantly controlled by a single spray of aqueous solutions (25 mm) containing various phosphates and potassium salts”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphates alone suppressed mildew.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Phosphatese0
- Outcome
- suppressivee0
- Direction
- suppressivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“Phosphates were suppressive when applied alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Tween‐20 improved disappearance of mildew pustules.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- treatments in combination with Tween‐20e0
- Outcome
- disappearance of powdery mildew pustulese0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“treatments in combination with Tween‐20 were more effective in causing the disappearance of powdery mildew pustules from diseased foliage”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprays caused disappearance of 99% of mildew pustules within 1 or 2 days.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- single sprays of phosphate and potassium salt solutionse0
- Outcome
- disappearance of 99% of pustulese0
- Direction
- disappearancee0
- Value
- 99%e0
- Qualifier
- 1 or 2 days after applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“disappearance of 99% of pustules, was recorded 1 or 2 days after application of single sprays of phosphate and potassium salt solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray treatment remained effective up to 12 or 15 days for small or large greenhouse plants, respectively.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Value
- 12 or 15 dayse0
- Qualifier
- small or largee0
- Setting
- greenhouse‐growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“Treatment was effective for up to 12 or 15 days, respectively, following application to small or large greenhouse‐grown plants with established mildew infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments reduced mildew conidia production by more than 99%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Treatmentse0
- Outcome
- production of eonidia from coloniese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- > 99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“Treatments also markedly reduced (> 99%) the production of eonidia from colonies”
Claim · model-written summary
A further salt application eliminated about half of existing mildew colonies.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- A further application of these saltse0
- Outcome
- elimination of about 50% of mildew coloniese0
- Direction
- eliminatione0
- Value
- about 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“A further application of these salts to the same plants resulted in the elimination of about 50% of mildew colonies present prior to the application”
Claim · model-written summary
Further spray inhibited disease development relative to water spray.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Further spray applicatione0
- Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- water‐sprayed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“Further spray application inhibited disease development compared with water‐sprayed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Further spray did not reduce existing lesion number.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- number of existing lesionse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“did not reduce the number of existing lesions”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate controlled established infection better than pyrifenox through day 11.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Phosphatee0
- Outcome
- established powdery mildew infectione0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Qualifier
- up to 11 days after applicatione0
- Comparator
- pyrifenoxe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“Phosphate was more effective than the systemic fungicide pyrifenox and reduced established powdery mildew infection up to 11 days after application”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrifenox performed better than phosphate at 15 days.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- pyrifenoxe1
- Outcome
- the converse was truee0
- Direction
- the conversee0
- Qualifier
- after 15 dayse0
- Comparator
- Phosphatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“the converse was true when assessments were made after 15 days”
e1“Phosphate was more effective than the systemic fungicide pyrifenox”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify these salts as potential foliar fertilizers for disease control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- appropriate for use as foliar fertilizerse0
- Qualifier
- potential beneficial influence on disease controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“appropriate for use as foliar fertilizers with a potential beneficial influence on disease control”
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