Abstract
Improving the nutritional quality of food is an important step in addressing worldwide health problems. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of either Se (0.03mM sodium selenate) or Si (1.5mM potassium silicate ) on the yield components as well as grain and straw qualities of rice cv. Giza 177 and cv. IET 1444 exposed to water deficit condition. Drought stress was imposed by withholding water (irrigation every 10 days). The plants were left to grow under the various treatments for five months. At full maturity (5 months after sowing) the experiment was terminated and grain quality in terms of grain appearance (grain length L, grain breadth B and L/B ratio), cooking quality (amylose content and water uptake WU) as well as nutritional (carbohydrates, proteins oil, phenols and flavonoid contents) and anti-nutritional (phytic and oxalic acids) values was estimated. Drought stress reduced grain yield and harvest index (HI) as well as L/B ratio of the two rice cultivars, parallel with reduction in total soluble carbohydrate, starch, protein, oil, phenols, and flavonoid contents. In contrast, drought induced a subsequent increase in stress tolerance index (STI), amylose and total antioxidant capacity for yielded grains of both rice cultivars. Moreover, the decline in grain phytic acid under drought stress was concomitant with an increase in oxalic acid, calcium and iron ions level of stressed grains. Both Se and Si pretreatments mitigated the adverse effects of drought and improved yield quality via the increments in the levels of amylose, phenolic compounds as well as flavonoid and oil contents concomitant with reduction in grain water uptake during cooking. In addition, selenium and silicon treatments caused further increases in lignin, cellulose and pectin contents of rice straw as compared with those of drought-stressed plants parallel with increments in total carbohydrate, protein, phytate, Ca and P ions levels.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced grain yield.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced grain yield and harvest index (HI) as well as L/B ratio of the two rice cultivars, parallel with reduction in total soluble carbohydrate, starch, protein, oil, phenols, and flavonoid contents.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced harvest index (HI).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- harvest index (HI)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced grain yield and harvest index (HI) as well as L/B ratio of the two rice cultivars, parallel with reduction in total soluble carbohydrate, starch, protein, oil, phenols, and flavonoid contents.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced L/B ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- L/B ratioe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced grain yield and harvest index (HI) as well as L/B ratio of the two rice cultivars, parallel with reduction in total soluble carbohydrate, starch, protein, oil, phenols, and flavonoid contents.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced total soluble carbohydrate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- total soluble carbohydratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced grain yield and harvest index (HI) as well as L/B ratio of the two rice cultivars, parallel with reduction in total soluble carbohydrate, starch, protein, oil, phenols, and flavonoid contents.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced starch.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- starche0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced grain yield and harvest index (HI) as well as L/B ratio of the two rice cultivars, parallel with reduction in total soluble carbohydrate, starch, protein, oil, phenols, and flavonoid contents.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced protein.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced grain yield and harvest index (HI) as well as L/B ratio of the two rice cultivars, parallel with reduction in total soluble carbohydrate, starch, protein, oil, phenols, and flavonoid contents.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced oil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- oile0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced grain yield and harvest index (HI) as well as L/B ratio of the two rice cultivars, parallel with reduction in total soluble carbohydrate, starch, protein, oil, phenols, and flavonoid contents.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced phenols.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- phenolse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced grain yield and harvest index (HI) as well as L/B ratio of the two rice cultivars, parallel with reduction in total soluble carbohydrate, starch, protein, oil, phenols, and flavonoid contents.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced flavonoid contents.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- flavonoid contentse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress reduced grain yield and harvest index (HI) as well as L/B ratio of the two rice cultivars, parallel with reduction in total soluble carbohydrate, starch, protein, oil, phenols, and flavonoid contents.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased stress tolerance index (STI).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- stress tolerance index (STI)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, drought induced a subsequent increase in stress tolerance index (STI), amylose and total antioxidant capacity for yielded grains of both rice cultivars.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased amylose.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- amylosee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, drought induced a subsequent increase in stress tolerance index (STI), amylose and total antioxidant capacity for yielded grains of both rice cultivars.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased total antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, drought induced a subsequent increase in stress tolerance index (STI), amylose and total antioxidant capacity for yielded grains of both rice cultivars.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought changed grain phytic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- grain phytic acide0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the decline in grain phytic acid under drought stress was concomitant with an increase in oxalic acid, calcium and iron ions level of stressed grains.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought changed oxalic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- oxalic acide0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the decline in grain phytic acid under drought stress was concomitant with an increase in oxalic acid, calcium and iron ions level of stressed grains.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought changed calcium.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- calciume0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the decline in grain phytic acid under drought stress was concomitant with an increase in oxalic acid, calcium and iron ions level of stressed grains.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought changed iron ions level.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- iron ions levele0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the decline in grain phytic acid under drought stress was concomitant with an increase in oxalic acid, calcium and iron ions level of stressed grains.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and Si pretreatments changed amylose.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Se and Si pretreatmentse0
- Outcome
- amylosee0
- Direction
- incrementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Se and Si pretreatments mitigated the adverse effects of drought and improved yield quality via the increments in the levels of amylose, phenolic compounds as well as flavonoid and oil contents concomitant with reduction in grain water uptake during cooking.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and Si pretreatments changed phenolic compounds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Se and Si pretreatmentse0
- Outcome
- phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- incrementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Se and Si pretreatments mitigated the adverse effects of drought and improved yield quality via the increments in the levels of amylose, phenolic compounds as well as flavonoid and oil contents concomitant with reduction in grain water uptake during cooking.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and Si pretreatments changed flavonoid and oil contents.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Se and Si pretreatmentse0
- Outcome
- flavonoid and oil contentse0
- Direction
- incrementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Se and Si pretreatments mitigated the adverse effects of drought and improved yield quality via the increments in the levels of amylose, phenolic compounds as well as flavonoid and oil contents concomitant with reduction in grain water uptake during cooking.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and Si pretreatments changed grain water uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Se and Si pretreatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain water uptakee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Se and Si pretreatments mitigated the adverse effects of drought and improved yield quality via the increments in the levels of amylose, phenolic compounds as well as flavonoid and oil contents concomitant with reduction in grain water uptake during cooking.”
t0“rice plant”
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