Abstract
Increased carbon translocation to the rhizosphere via 'leakage' induced by low amounts of plant parasitic nematodes can foster microorganisms. The effects of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on microbial biomass (C(mic)) and community structure (phospholipid fatty acids) in the rhizosphere of barley were studied. Inoculation densities of 2000, 4000, and 8000 nematodes were well below the threshold level for plant damage. A (13)CO(2) pulse-labelling was performed to assess the distribution of assimilated (13)C in the rhizosphere. Infection with M. incognita increased the carbon concentration in shoots, and enhanced root biomass slightly. The presence of nematodes did not affect microbial biomass, but significantly changed the allocation of the recent photosynthate. Less plant carbon was sequestered by microorganisms with increasing nematode abundance. Microbial community structure was distinctly altered in the early stages of the plant-nematode interactions. Both, bacteria and fungi, showed a positive response with 2000, and a negative one with 4000 and 8000 M. incognita added. The results suggest that low-level root herbivory still imposes a considerable carbon demand, and that proliferation of microorganisms due to increased rhizodeposition may be short-termed. The carbon flow to rhizosphere microbial communities is likely dependent on the specific nematode-plant association and the developmental stage of the nematode in the host.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Meloidogyne incognita infection increased barley shoot carbon concentration.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- Infection with M. incognitae1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pest - Outcome
- carbon concentration in shootse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The effects of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on microbial biomass (C(mic)) and community structure (phospholipid fatty acids) in the rhizosphere of barley were studied.”
e1“Infection with M. incognita increased the carbon concentration in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Meloidogyne incognita infection slightly enhanced barley root biomass.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Infection with M. incognitae2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- root biomasse2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Qualifier
- slightlye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
e1“in the rhizosphere of barley”
e2“Infection with M. incognita increased the carbon concentration in shoots, and enhanced root biomass slightly.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode presence did not affect rhizosphere microbial biomass.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- presence of nematodese0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- microbial biomasse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of nematodes did not affect microbial biomass”
e1“rhizosphere of barley”
e2“root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematodes significantly changed allocation of recent photosynthate in barley rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- presence of nematodese0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- allocation of the recent photosynthatee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of nematodes did not affect microbial biomass, but significantly changed the allocation of the recent photosynthate.”
e1“rhizosphere of barley”
e2“root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Less barley carbon was sequestered by microorganisms as nematode abundance increased.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- increasing nematode abundancee0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- plant carbon was sequestered by microorganismse0
- Direction
- Lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Less plant carbon was sequestered by microorganisms with increasing nematode abundance.”
e1“rhizosphere of barley”
e2“root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial community structure changed during early barley–nematode interaction.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- Microbial community structuree0
- Qualifier
- early stages of the plant-nematode interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial community structure was distinctly altered in the early stages of the plant-nematode interactions.”
e1“rhizosphere of barley”
e2“root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria responded positively when 2000 M. incognita were added and negatively at 4000 and 8000.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- 2000e0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- bacteriae0
- Direction
- positive responsee0
- Qualifier
- negative one with 4000 and 8000 M. incognita addede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both, bacteria and fungi, showed a positive response with 2000, and a negative one with 4000 and 8000 M. incognita added.”
e1“rhizosphere of barley”
e2“root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungi responded positively when 2000 M. incognita were added and negatively at 4000 and 8000.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- 2000e0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- fungie0
- Direction
- positive responsee0
- Qualifier
- negative one with 4000 and 8000 M. incognita addede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both, bacteria and fungi, showed a positive response with 2000, and a negative one with 4000 and 8000 M. incognita added.”
e1“rhizosphere of barley”
e2“root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
The same questions in other papers
infection · molecular: metabolites · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.