Abstract
Summary All combinations of four harvesting treatments and two sowing dates were compared in each of 2 years in field experiments near Nicosia. In one of the years, two levels of applied nitrogen were compared. The harvesting treatments were: (1) a milk-stage cut, (2) a boot-stage cut and a regrowth cut, (3) a grazing-stage cut and a regrowth cut, and (4) three grazing-stage cuts and a regrowth cut. The sowing dates were (1) normal (12 November) and (2) early (15 October), with sufficient irrigation to ensure establishment. Applied nitrogen had virtually no effect on leaf growth, evidently because of high reserves of available nitrogen in the soil. Early sowing increased the rates of leaf emergence, extension and expansion up to the time of the first ‘grazing’ cut (when the first node was showing) and reduced the number of leaves which died in that period. Where growth was uninterrupted to the milk stage, early sowing did not affect the number of leaves produced by a main stem or primary tiller, but increased the longevity of the later leaves. Where there were three ‘grazing’ cuts, early sowing allowed time for the production of more and larger leaf blades, with longer sheaths, between the third 'grazing’ cut and the final harvest. The ‘grazing’ cuts considerably reduced the rates of extension and expansion and the final size of the leaves which emerged soon after a cut. There was good recovery subsequently, however, in rates of extension and expansion and final leaf size, particularly with October sowing. During almost all the period of leaf production on a main stem or primary tiller, several leaves (up to six) were expanding at the same time. The stage, during the period between emergence and death, at which a leaf blade reached its full length was typically half-way between emergence and death. Where growth was uninterrupted, area per leaf blade was positively correlated with both the number of days between the emergence of successive leaves and the number of days between emergence and death.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen had virtually no effect on leaf growth.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Applied nitrogen had virtually no effect on leaf growth”
t0“forage barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing increased leaf emergence, extension, and expansion rates before the first grazing cut.
- Taxon
- forage barleyt0
- Treatment
- Early sowinge0
- Outcome
- rates of leaf emergence, extension and expansione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Early sowing increased the rates of leaf emergence, extension and expansion up to the time of the first ‘grazing’ cut”
t0“forage barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing reduced leaf mortality before the first grazing cut.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“reduced the number of leaves which died in that period”
t0“forage barley in Cyprus”
t1“forage barley”
e1“Early sowing increased the rates of leaf emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Without interrupted growth, early sowing did not affect leaf number.
- Taxon
- forage barleyt0
- Treatment
- early sowinge0
- Outcome
- number of leaves producede0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“early sowing did not affect the number of leaves produced by a main stem or primary tiller”
t0“forage barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Without interrupted growth, early sowing increased later-leaf longevity.
- Taxon
- forage barleyt1
- Treatment
- Early sowinge1
- Outcome
- longevity of the later leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“but increased the longevity of the later leaves”
t0“forage barley in Cyprus”
t1“forage barley”
e1“Early sowing increased the rates of leaf emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
With three grazing cuts, early sowing produced more and larger leaf blades and longer sheaths.
- Taxon
- forage barleyt0
- Treatment
- early sowinge0
- Outcome
- more and larger leaf blades, with longer sheathse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“early sowing allowed time for the production of more and larger leaf blades, with longer sheaths”
t0“forage barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing cuts reduced subsequent leaf extension and expansion rates and final size.
- Taxon
- forage barleyt0
- Treatment
- ‘grazing’ cutse0
- Outcome
- rates of extension and expansion and the final sizee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The ‘grazing’ cuts considerably reduced the rates of extension and expansion and the final size of the leaves”
t0“forage barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extension, expansion and final size recovered after cutting, especially with October sowing.
Verbatim
e0“There was good recovery subsequently, however, in rates of extension and expansion and final leaf size, particularly with October sowing”
t0“forage barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Up to six leaves expanded simultaneously on main stems or primary tillers.
Verbatim
e0“several leaves (up to six) were expanding at the same time”
t0“forage barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf blades reached full length about halfway between emergence and death.
Verbatim
e0“a leaf blade reached its full length was typically half-way between emergence and death”
t0“forage barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Uninterrupted leaf blade area was positively correlated with time between successive leaf emergences.
Verbatim
e0“area per leaf blade was positively correlated with both the number of days between the emergence of successive leaves and the number of days between emergence and death”
t0“forage barley”
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