Abstract
Tannic acids and tannins are produced by plants and are important components of soil and water organic matter. These polyphenolic compounds form complexes with proteins, metals and soil particulate matter and perform several physiological and ecological functions. The tannic acid (TA) used in our study was a mixture of gallic acid and galloyl glucoses ranging up to nonagalloyl glucose. TA inhibited root elongation in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Scout 66) at concentrations >4 mg l(-1); but TA alleviated the toxicity of Al(3+), Cu(2+) and SeO(4)(2-); and Al(3+) and SeO(4)(2-) alleviated the toxicity of TA. The interactions of Al(3+) and TA (each toxic but each alleviating the toxicity of the other) were stoichiometric. Growth was affected as though 1 kg TA bound 2.76 mol Al so strongly that if (mol Al)/(kg TA) <2.76, then free Al approximately 0, and if (mol Al)/(kg TA) >2.76, then free TA approximately 0. This stoichiometry is consistent with one mole of galloyl groups binding approximately 0.5 mol Al. Using this binding scheme, growth was modeled successfully on the basis of free TA and free Al. TA enhanced the negativity of root surfaces and enhanced the binding of Al and Cu there without enhancing their toxicity. These and other interactions among TA, Al(3+), Cu(2+), SeO(4)(2-), Ca(2+), Na(+) and H(+) were quantified with a comprehensive non-linear equation with statistically significant coefficients.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Tannic acid inhibited wheat root elongation above 4 mg l(-1).
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Triticum aestivum L. cv. Scout 66e0
- Treatment
- TAe0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- >4 mg l(-1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TA inhibited root elongation in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Scout 66) at concentrations >4 mg l(-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannic acid alleviated Al(3+) toxicity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- TAe0
- Outcome
- toxicity of Al(3+)e0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TA alleviated the toxicity of Al(3+), Cu(2+) and SeO(4)(2-)”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannic acid alleviated Cu(2+) toxicity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- TAe0
- Outcome
- toxicity of Al(3+), Cu(2+)e0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TA alleviated the toxicity of Al(3+), Cu(2+) and SeO(4)(2-)”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannic acid alleviated SeO(4)(2-) toxicity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- TAe0
- Outcome
- toxicity of Al(3+), Cu(2+) and SeO(4)(2-)e0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TA alleviated the toxicity of Al(3+), Cu(2+) and SeO(4)(2-)”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Al(3+) alleviated tannic acid toxicity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Al(3+)e0
- Outcome
- toxicity of TAe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al(3+) and SeO(4)(2-) alleviated the toxicity of TA”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
SeO(4)(2-) alleviated tannic acid toxicity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- SeO(4)(2-)e0
- Outcome
- toxicity of TAe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al(3+) and SeO(4)(2-) alleviated the toxicity of TA”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Al and tannic acid interactions affecting growth were stoichiometric, consistent with 1 kg TA binding 2.76 mol Al.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Compound
- Al(3+) and TAe0
- Outcome
- Growthe0
- Value
- 2.76 mol Ale0
- Qualifier
- stoichiometrice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interactions of Al(3+) and TA (each toxic but each alleviating the toxicity of the other) were stoichiometric. Growth was affected as though 1 kg TA bound 2.76 mol Al so strongly”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The inferred binding stoichiometry was about 0.5 mol Al per mole of galloyl groups.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Compound
- galloyl groupse0
- Outcome
- binding approximately 0.5 mol Ale0
- Value
- 0.5 mol Ale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This stoichiometry is consistent with one mole of galloyl groups binding approximately 0.5 mol Al”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
A free TA and free Al binding model successfully modeled wheat growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- growth was modeled successfullye0
- Comparator
- free TA and free Ale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using this binding scheme, growth was modeled successfully on the basis of free TA and free Al”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannic acid increased the negativity of wheat root surfaces.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- TAe0
- Outcome
- negativity of root surfacese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TA enhanced the negativity of root surfaces”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannic acid enhanced Al and Cu binding at wheat root surfaces without enhancing their toxicity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- TAe0
- Outcome
- binding of Al and Cue0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TA enhanced the negativity of root surfaces and enhanced the binding of Al and Cu there without enhancing their toxicity”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannic acid did not enhance the toxicity associated with increased Al and Cu root binding.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- TAe0
- Outcome
- their toxicitye0
- Direction
- without enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TA enhanced the negativity of root surfaces and enhanced the binding of Al and Cu there without enhancing their toxicity”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
A nonlinear equation quantified interactions among tannic acid and several ions with statistically significant coefficients.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- interactions among TA, Al(3+), Cu(2+), SeO(4)(2-), Ca(2+), Na(+) and H(+)e0
- Comparator
- statistically significant coefficientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interactions among TA, Al(3+), Cu(2+), SeO(4)(2-), Ca(2+), Na(+) and H(+) were quantified with a comprehensive non-linear equation with statistically significant coefficients”
e1“wheat seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
aluminium atom · pest · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.