Abstract
FLC is a MADS box transcription factor that acts as a dosage-dependent repressor of flowering. We carried out a 2D gel analysis and showed that the majority of endogenous FLC and overexpressed FLC-FLAG proteins are post-translationally modified. The endogenous and transgenic proteins have different floral repressor activities; however, they have similar, if not the same, profiles of post-translational modifications. The protein modification profile was also not changed by vernalization treatment. The activities of other MADS box proteins have been shown to be affected by phosphorylation and we found that both the endogenous FLC and the transgenic FLC-FLAG protein are phosphorylated. When eight potential serine kinase target sites in FLC were changed to mimic phosphorylated residues, expression of the mutant FLC-FLAG protein led to early flowering, suggesting that the repressive function was abolished. When the same eight serine residues were changed to non-phosphorylatable residues, expression of the resulting protein gave the same weak flowering repression as overexpressed unmodified FLC-FLAG. The non-phosphorylatable variant of FLC-FLAG showed a similar spectrum of post-translational modifications to unmodified FLC-FLAG, indicating that modifications other than the predicted phosphorylations occur. Our data provide evidence for a post-translational regulation of FLC function.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Most endogenous and overexpressed FLC proteins were post-translationally modified.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Gene
- FLCe0
- Outcome
- post-translationally modifiede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the majority of endogenous FLC and overexpressed FLC-FLAG proteins are post-translationally modified.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous and transgenic FLC proteins differed in floral repressor activity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- transgenic proteinse0
- Gene
- FLCt0
- Outcome
- floral repressor activitiese0
- Direction
- differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The endogenous and transgenic proteins have different floral repressor activities; however, they have similar, if not the same, profiles of post-translational modifications.”
t0“FLC Protein in Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous and transgenic proteins had similar modification profiles.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- FLCt0
- Outcome
- profiles of post-translational modificationse0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The endogenous and transgenic proteins have different floral repressor activities; however, they have similar, if not the same, profiles of post-translational modifications.”
t0“FLC Protein in Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Vernalization did not change the protein modification profile.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- vernalization treatmente0
- Gene
- FLCt0
- Outcome
- protein modification profilee0
- Direction
- not changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protein modification profile was also not changed by vernalization treatment.”
t0“FLC Protein in Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous FLC and transgenic FLC-FLAG were phosphorylated.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- FLCe0
- Outcome
- phosphorylatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both the endogenous FLC and the transgenic FLC-FLAG protein are phosphorylated.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorylation-mimic FLC mutant expression led to early flowering.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- eight potential serine kinase target sites in FLC were changed to mimic phosphorylated residuese0
- Gene
- FLCe0
- Outcome
- early floweringe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When eight potential serine kinase target sites in FLC were changed to mimic phosphorylated residues, expression of the mutant FLC-FLAG protein led to early flowering, suggesting that the repressive function was abolished.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-phosphorylatable FLC-FLAG weakly repressed flowering like unmodified FLC-FLAG.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- eight serine residues were changed to non-phosphorylatable residuese0
- Gene
- FLCt0
- Outcome
- flowering repressione0
- Direction
- same weake0
- Comparator
- overexpressed unmodified FLC-FLAGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the same eight serine residues were changed to non-phosphorylatable residues, expression of the resulting protein gave the same weak flowering repression as overexpressed unmodified FLC-FLAG.”
t0“FLC Protein in Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-phosphorylatable FLC-FLAG retained a modification spectrum similar to unmodified FLC-FLAG.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- non-phosphorylatable variant of FLC-FLAGe0
- Gene
- FLC-FLAGe0
- Outcome
- spectrum of post-translational modificationse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- unmodified FLC-FLAGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The non-phosphorylatable variant of FLC-FLAG showed a similar spectrum of post-translational modifications to unmodified FLC-FLAG, indicating that modifications other than the predicted phosphorylations occur.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
The same questions in other papers
cold · quality: protein · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.