Abstract
Zn is the most deficient micronutrient in soils worldwide and the most important and limiting micronutrient essential for rice growth and yield. It can be applied in the soil for rice cultivation or by coating seeds or leaves of plants. However, only a small amount of Zn can be applied by coating seeds or plants. We evaluated the effect of dose, source and application time of zinc (Zn) on germination, cold test (germination), seed physiological potential and flooded rice yield. The rice cultivar was Puita INTA Cl, and the laboratory experimental design was completely randomized with a factorial 6 x 2 scheme. Six Zn doses were assessed: 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 g ha-1, using two Zn sources such as ZnSO4.7H2O and ZnCl2. After treating the seeds, germination, seedling length, seedling dry matter, cold test, accelerated ageing and seedling emergence were evaluated. Seven Zn doses were used in the field: 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 g ha-1 on seeds and at the V4 and V11 vegetative stages. The results showed that the Zn rice seed treatment did not change germination or seedling emergence. The seedling dry mass and germination at low temperatures (cold test) are the physiological potential parameters that benefited when using ZnSO4.7H2O. Foliar application of ZnCl2 at the V11 vegetative stage caused leaf damage when used at a dose of 400 g ha-1, and caused more intense damage at 1600 g ha-1. Treating rice seeds by coating with ZnCl2 provided 6.4% higher grain yield compared to that of ZnSO4.7H2O. Applying Zn by coating the seeds promoted 5.8% higher rice grain yield and increased grain yield 7.0% by spraying at the V11 stage compared with that at the V4 vegetative stage. The principal components analysis by seed treatment condition showed that the cold test and accelerated ageing had the highest contributions to the first and third components and acted in opposition to grain yield. Yield had the highest contribution to the second component and was the third component that most influenced the first and third components.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The Zn rice seed treatment did not change germination or seedling emergence.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Material
- Puita INTA Cle4
- Treatment
- Zn rice seed treatmente1
- Outcome
- germination or seedling emergencee1
- Direction
- did not changee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flooded rice yield”
e1“The results showed that the Zn rice seed treatment did not change germination or seedling emergence”
e4“The rice cultivar was Puita INTA Cl”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling dry mass and germination at low temperatures (cold test) benefited when using ZnSO4.7H2O.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Puita INTA Cle4
- Treatment
- ZnSO4.7H2Oe2
- Outcome
- seedling dry mass and germination at low temperatures (cold test)e2
- Direction
- benefitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flooded rice yield”
e2“The seedling dry mass and germination at low temperatures (cold test) are the physiological potential parameters that benefited when using ZnSO4.7H2O”
e4“The rice cultivar was Puita INTA Cl”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnCl2 at the V11 stage caused leaf damage at a dose of 400 g ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Puita INTA Cle4
- Organ / stage
- V11 vegetative stagee3
- Treatment
- Foliar application of ZnCl2 at the V11 vegetative stagee3
- Outcome
- leaf damagee3
- Qualifier
- at a dose of 400 g ha-1e3
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flooded rice yield”
e3“Foliar application of ZnCl2 at the V11 vegetative stage caused leaf damage when used at a dose of 400 g ha-1, and caused more intense damage at 1600 g ha-1”
e4“The rice cultivar was Puita INTA Cl”
e0“Seven Zn doses were used in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnCl2 at the V11 stage caused more intense leaf damage at 1600 g ha-1 than at 400 g ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Puita INTA Cle4
- Organ / stage
- V11 vegetative stagee3
- Treatment
- Foliar application of ZnCl2 at the V11 vegetative stagee3
- Outcome
- leaf damagee3
- Direction
- more intensee3
- Qualifier
- at 1600 g ha-1e3
- Comparator
- a dose of 400 g ha-1e3
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flooded rice yield”
e3“Foliar application of ZnCl2 at the V11 vegetative stage caused leaf damage when used at a dose of 400 g ha-1, and caused more intense damage at 1600 g ha-1”
e4“The rice cultivar was Puita INTA Cl”
e0“Seven Zn doses were used in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Treating rice seeds by coating with ZnCl2 gave 6.4% higher grain yield than ZnSO4.7H2O.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Material
- Puita INTA Cle4
- Organ / stage
- rice seedse5
- Treatment
- Treating rice seeds by coating with ZnCl2e5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 6.4%e5
- Comparator
- ZnSO4.7H2Oe5
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flooded rice yield”
e5“Treating rice seeds by coating with ZnCl2 provided 6.4% higher grain yield compared to that of ZnSO4.7H2O”
e4“The rice cultivar was Puita INTA Cl”
e0“Seven Zn doses were used in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying Zn by coating the seeds gave 5.8% higher rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Material
- Puita INTA Cle4
- Treatment
- Applying Zn by coating the seedse6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 5.8%e6
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flooded rice yield”
e6“Applying Zn by coating the seeds promoted 5.8% higher rice grain yield”
e4“The rice cultivar was Puita INTA Cl”
e0“Seven Zn doses were used in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying Zn at the V11 stage increased rice grain yield by 7.0% compared with the V4 vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Puita INTA Cle4
- Treatment
- spraying at the V11 stagee7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 7.0%e7
- Comparator
- V4 vegetative stagee7
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flooded rice yield”
e7“increased grain yield 7.0% by spraying at the V11 stage compared with that at the V4 vegetative stage”
e4“The rice cultivar was Puita INTA Cl”
e0“Seven Zn doses were used in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold test and accelerated ageing contributed most to the first and third principal components and opposed grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- seed treatment conditione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- acted in opposition to grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flooded rice yield”
e0“The principal components analysis by seed treatment condition showed that the cold test and accelerated ageing had the highest contributions to the first and third components and acted in opposition to grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield had the highest contribution to the second principal component.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- contribution to the second componente0
- Qualifier
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flooded rice yield”
e0“Yield had the highest contribution to the second component and was the third component that most influenced the first and third components”
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