Abstract
Growth, development, and mineral physiology of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants in response to infection by three species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and different levels of P nutrition were characterized. P deficiency in no-P and low-P (0.5 mM) nonmycorrhizal plants developed between 28 and 84 d after planting. By 84 d after planting, P deficiency decreased plant relative growth rate such that no-P and low-P plants had, respectively, 65 and 45% less dry mass and 76 and 55% less total P than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM). A severe reduction in leaf area was also evident, because P deficiency induced a restriction of lateral bud growth and leaf expansion and, also, decreased the relative plant allocation of dry matter to leaf growth. Root growth was less influenced by P deficiency than either leaf or stem growth. Moreover, P-deficient plants accumulated a higher proportion of total available P than high-P plants, indicating that P stress had enhanced root efficiency of P acquisition. Plant P deficiency did not alter the shoot concentration of N, K, Mg, or Fe; however, the total accumulation of these mineral nutrients in shoots of P-stressed plants was substantially less than that of high-P plants. P uptake by roots was enhanced by each of the VAM symbionts by 56 d after planting and at all levels of abiotic P supply. Species differed in their ability to colonize roots and similarly to produce a plant growth response. In this regard, Glomus intraradices (Schenck and Smith) enhanced plant growth the most, whereas Glomus dimorphicum (Boyetchko and Tewari) was least effective, and Glomus mosseae ([Nicol. and Gerd.] Gerd. and Trappe) produced an intermediate growth response. The partial alleviation of P deficiency in no-P and low-P plants by VAM fungi stimulated uptake of N, K, Mg, Fe, and Zn. VAM fungi enhanced shoot concentrations of P, N, and Mg by 28 d after planting and, through a general improvement of overall plant mineral nutrition, promoted plant growth and development.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus deficiency developed in no-P and low-P nonmycorrhizal potato plants between 28 and 84 days.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- no-P and low-P (0.5 mM)e0
- Outcome
- P deficiencye0
- Value
- between 28 and 84 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P deficiency in no-P and low-P (0.5 mM) nonmycorrhizal plants developed between 28 and 84 d after planting.”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 84 days, no-P plants had 65% less dry mass than high-P plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- no-Pe0
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 65e0
- Comparator
- high P (2.5 mM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no-P and low-P plants had, respectively, 65 and 45% less dry mass and 76 and 55% less total P than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM).”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-P plants had 45% less dry mass than high-P plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low-Pe0
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Comparator
- high P (2.5 mM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no-P and low-P plants had, respectively, 65 and 45% less dry mass and 76 and 55% less total P than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM).”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
No-P plants had 76% less total P than high-P plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- no-Pe0
- Outcome
- total Pe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 76e0
- Comparator
- high P (2.5 mM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no-P and low-P plants had, respectively, 65 and 45% less dry mass and 76 and 55% less total P than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM).”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-P plants had 55% less total P than high-P plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low-Pe0
- Outcome
- total Pe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 55%e0
- Comparator
- high P (2.5 mM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no-P and low-P plants had, respectively, 65 and 45% less dry mass and 76 and 55% less total P than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM).”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency restricted lateral bud growth and leaf expansion and reduced dry-matter allocation to leaves.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P deficiencye0
- Outcome
- lateral bud growth and leaf expansione0
- Direction
- restrictione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P deficiency induced a restriction of lateral bud growth and leaf expansion and, also, decreased the relative plant allocation of dry matter to leaf growth.”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth was less affected by phosphorus deficiency than leaf or stem growth.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P deficiencye0
- Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- less influencede0
- Comparator
- leaf or stem growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root growth was less influenced by P deficiency than either leaf or stem growth.”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P-deficient plants accumulated a higher fraction of available P than high-P plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-deficiente0
- Outcome
- proportion of total available Pe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- high-P plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P-deficient plants accumulated a higher proportion of total available P than high-P plants”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency did not alter shoot concentrations of N, K, Mg, or Fe.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P deficiencye0
- Outcome
- shoot concentration of N, K, Mg, or Fee0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant P deficiency did not alter the shoot concentration of N, K, Mg, or Fe”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P-stressed plants accumulated substantially less N, K, Mg, and Fe in shoots than high-P plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-stressede0
- Outcome
- total accumulation of these mineral nutrients in shootse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- high-P plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total accumulation of these mineral nutrients in shoots of P-stressed plants was substantially less than that of high-P plants.”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Each VAM symbiont enhanced root P uptake by day 56 at all abiotic P levels.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- each of the VAM symbiontse0
- Interactor
- VAM symbiontse0symbiont
- Outcome
- P uptake by rootse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P uptake by roots was enhanced by each of the VAM symbionts by 56 d after planting and at all levels of abiotic P supply.”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The VAM species differed in root colonization ability.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- Speciese0symbiont
- Outcome
- ability to colonize rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Species differed in their ability to colonize roots”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus intraradices enhanced potato growth the most.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Glomus intraradicese0
- Interactor
- Glomus intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glomus intraradices (Schenck and Smith) enhanced plant growth the most”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus dimorphicum was least effective for potato growth.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Glomus dimorphicume0
- Interactor
- Glomus dimorphicumGlomus dimorphicume0symbiont
- Outcome
- least effectivee0
- Direction
- least effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glomus dimorphicum (Boyetchko and Tewari) was least effective”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus mosseae produced an intermediate potato growth response.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Glomus mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- growth responsee0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glomus mosseae ([Nicol. and Gerd.] Gerd. and Trappe) produced an intermediate growth response.”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM fungi stimulated uptake of N, K, Mg, Fe, and Zn in no-P and low-P plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- VAM fungie0
- Interactor
- VAM fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- uptake of N, K, Mg, Fe, and Zne0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The partial alleviation of P deficiency in no-P and low-P plants by VAM fungi stimulated uptake of N, K, Mg, Fe, and Zn.”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM fungi enhanced shoot P, N, and Mg concentrations by day 28.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- VAM fungie0
- Interactor
- VAM fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot concentrations of P, N, and Mge0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VAM fungi enhanced shoot concentrations of P, N, and Mg by 28 d after planting”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM fungi promoted overall potato growth and development.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- plant growth and developmente0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“through a general improvement of overall plant mineral nutrition, promoted plant growth and development.”
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.