Abstract
Morphological and biochemical interactions between a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus (Glomus fasciculatum [Thaxt. sensu Gerdemann] Gerdemann and Trappe) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants during the development of P deficiency were characterized. Nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants grown for 63 d with low abiotic P supply (0.5 mM) produced 34, 52, and 73% less root, shoot, and tuber dry matter, respectively, than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM). The total leaf area and the leaf area:plant dry weight ratio of low-P plants were substantially lower than those of high-P plants. Moreover, a lower shoot:root dry weight ratio and tuber:plant dry weight ratio in low-P plants than in high-P plants characterized a major effect of P deficiency stress on dry matter partitioning. In addition to a slower rate of growth, low-P plants accumulated nonreducing sugars and nitrate. Furthermore, root respiration and leaf nitrate reductase activity were lower in low-P plants than in high-P plants. Low abiotic P supply also induced physiological changes that contributed to the greater efficiency of P acquisition by low-P plants than by high-P plants. For example, allocation of dry matter and P to root growth was less restricted by P deficiency stress than to shoot and tuber growth. Also, the specific activities of root acid phosphatases and vanadate-sensitive microsomal ATPases were enhanced in P-deficient plants. The establishment of a VAM symbiosis by low-P plants was essential for efficient P acquisition, and a greater root infection level for P-stressed plants indicated increased compatibility to the VAM fungus. By 63 d after planting, low-P VAM plants had recovered 42% more of the available soil P than low-P NM plants. However, the VAM fungus only partially alleviated P deficiency stress and did not completely compensate for inadequate abiotic P supply. Although the specific activities of acid phosphatases and microsomal ATPases were only marginally influenced by VAM infection, VAM roots characteristically had a higher protein concentration and, consequently, enhanced microsomal ATPase and acid phosphatase activities on a fresh weight basis compared with NM roots. Morphological and ultrastructural details of VAM plants are discussed in relation to the influence of the VAM symbiosis on P nutrition of potato.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Low P reduced potato root dry matter by 34%.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- low abiotic P supply (0.5 mM)e0
- Outcome
- root, shoot, and tuber dry mattere0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 34e0
- Comparator
- high P (2.5 mM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants grown for 63 d with low abiotic P supply (0.5 mM) produced 34, 52, and 73% less root, shoot, and tuber dry matter, respectively, than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM)”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P reduced potato shoot dry matter by 52%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low abiotic P supply (0.5 mM)e0
- Outcome
- root, shoot, and tuber dry mattere0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 52e0
- Comparator
- high P (2.5 mM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants grown for 63 d with low abiotic P supply (0.5 mM) produced 34, 52, and 73% less root, shoot, and tuber dry matter, respectively, than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM)”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P reduced potato tuber dry matter by 73%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low abiotic P supply (0.5 mM)e0
- Outcome
- root, shoot, and tuber dry mattere0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 73%e0
- Comparator
- high P (2.5 mM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants grown for 63 d with low abiotic P supply (0.5 mM) produced 34, 52, and 73% less root, shoot, and tuber dry matter, respectively, than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM)”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P plants had substantially lower total leaf area and leaf area to plant dry weight ratio.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low-P plantse0
- Outcome
- total leaf area and the leaf area:plant dry weight ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- high-P plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total leaf area and the leaf area:plant dry weight ratio of low-P plants were substantially lower than those of high-P plants”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P lowered shoot to root and tuber to plant dry weight ratios.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low-P plantse0
- Outcome
- shoot:root dry weight ratio and tuber:plant dry weight ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- high-P plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a lower shoot:root dry weight ratio and tuber:plant dry weight ratio in low-P plants than in high-P plants”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P plants grew more slowly.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low-P plantse0
- Outcome
- rate of growthe0
- Direction
- slowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a slower rate of growth, low-P plants”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P plants accumulated nonreducing sugars and nitrate.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low-P plantse0
- Outcome
- accumulated nonreducing sugars and nitratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low-P plants accumulated nonreducing sugars and nitrate”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Root respiration and leaf nitrate reductase activity were lower under low P.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low-P plantse0
- Outcome
- root respiration and leaf nitrate reductase activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- high-P plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root respiration and leaf nitrate reductase activity were lower in low-P plants than in high-P plants”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P plants acquired P more efficiently than high P plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low-P plantse0
- Outcome
- efficiency of P acquisitione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- high-P plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater efficiency of P acquisition by low-P plants than by high-P plants”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency restricted dry matter and P allocation to roots less than to shoots and tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P deficiency stresse0
- Outcome
- allocation of dry matter and P to root growthe0
- Direction
- less restrictede0
- Comparator
- shoot and tuber growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“allocation of dry matter and P to root growth was less restricted by P deficiency stress than to shoot and tuber growth”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency enhanced root acid phosphatase and vanadate-sensitive microsomal ATPase specific activities.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-deficient plantse0
- Outcome
- specific activities of root acid phosphatases and vanadate-sensitive microsomal ATPasese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“specific activities of root acid phosphatases and vanadate-sensitive microsomal ATPases were enhanced in P-deficient plants”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM symbiosis was essential for efficient P acquisition in low P potato plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- efficient P acquisitione0
- Qualifier
- VAM symbiosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The establishment of a VAM symbiosis by low-P plants was essential for efficient P acquisition”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
P-stressed plants had greater VAM root infection levels.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-stressed plantse0
- Interactor
- VAM funguse0symbiont
- Outcome
- root infection levele0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a greater root infection level for P-stressed plants indicated increased compatibility to the VAM fungus”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P VAM plants recovered 42% more available soil P than low P nonmycorrhizal plants by day 63.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low-P VAM plantse0
- Outcome
- available soil Pe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Qualifier
- 63 d after plantinge0
- Comparator
- low-P NM plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By 63 d after planting, low-P VAM plants had recovered 42% more of the available soil P than low-P NM plants”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM only partially alleviated P deficiency stress.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- VAM funguse0
- Interactor
- VAM funguse0symbiont
- Outcome
- P deficiency stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- only partiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the VAM fungus only partially alleviated P deficiency stress and did not completely compensate for inadequate abiotic P supply”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM infection marginally influenced specific acid phosphatase and microsomal ATPase activities.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- VAM infectione0
- Outcome
- specific activities of acid phosphatases and microsomal ATPasese0
- Qualifier
- only marginallye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“specific activities of acid phosphatases and microsomal ATPases were only marginally influenced by VAM infection”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM roots had higher protein concentration than nonmycorrhizal roots.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- VAM rootse0
- Outcome
- protein concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- NM rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VAM roots characteristically had a higher protein concentration and, consequently, enhanced microsomal ATPase and acid phosphatase activities on a fresh weight basis compared with NM roots”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM roots had enhanced microsomal ATPase and acid phosphatase activities per fresh weight relative to nonmycorrhizal roots.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- VAM rootse0
- Outcome
- microsomal ATPase and acid phosphatase activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- on a fresh weight basise0
- Comparator
- NM rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VAM roots characteristically had a higher protein concentration and, consequently, enhanced microsomal ATPase and acid phosphatase activities on a fresh weight basis compared with NM roots”
t0“potato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.