Abstract
To determine whether the major influence of high salinity is caused by the osmotic component or by salinity-induced specific ion toxicity, we compared the effects of mannitol, sorbitol, NaCl and KCl (all in concentratuions corresponded to osmotic potential -1.0 MPa) on the antioxidant and anatomical responses of the apple rootstock MM 106 explants grown in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. All the compounds had a significant influence on explant's mineral composition and reduced the leaf water content, whereas mannitol and salts decreased chlorophyll (Chl) content and increased proline content. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities as well as H2O2 content were increased in the leaves and stems. In addition, in the leaves of explants exposed to NaCl an additional Mn-SOD isoform was revealed, while specific POD isoforms were detected in the leaves and stems treated with NaCl or KCl. However, catalase activity was depressed in the salt-treated leaves. At the ultrastructural level, the NaCl-treated leaves had the thickest lamina, due to an extensive increase of the size of epidermal and mesophyll cells. Also, an increase of the relative volume of the intercellular spaces in response to NaCl was observed. The results suggest that Na accumulation is the first candidate for the distinct antioxidant and anatomical responses between saline and osmotically generated stress in the MM 106 explants.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol, sorbitol, NaCl and KCl significantly changed explant mineral composition.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- MM 106t0
- Treatment
- mannitol, sorbitol, NaCl and KCle1
- Outcome
- explant's mineral compositione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the compounds had a significant influence on explant's mineral composition”
e1“mannitol, sorbitol, NaCl and KCl”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
All four compounds reduced leaf water content.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- mannitol, sorbitol, NaCl and KCle1
- Outcome
- leaf water contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the leaf water content”
e1“mannitol, sorbitol, NaCl and KCl”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol and salts decreased chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- mannitol and saltse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll (Chl) contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mannitol and salts decreased chlorophyll (Chl) content”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol and salts increased proline content.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- mannitol and saltse0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mannitol and salts decreased chlorophyll (Chl) content and increased proline content”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme and nonenzymatic activities increased in leaves and stems.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and non-enzymatic antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities as well as H2O2 content were increased in the leaves and stems”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide content increased in leaves and stems.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse0
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H2O2 content were increased in the leaves and stems”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
An additional Mn-SOD isoform appeared in NaCl-treated leaves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Gene
- Mn-SODe0
- Outcome
- an additional Mn-SOD isoform was revealede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the leaves of explants exposed to NaCl an additional Mn-SOD isoform was revealed”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific POD isoforms were detected after NaCl or KCl treatment.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse0
- Treatment
- NaCl or KCle0
- Gene
- PODe0
- Outcome
- specific POD isoforms were detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“specific POD isoforms were detected in the leaves and stems treated with NaCl or KCl”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment depressed catalase activity in leaves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salt-treatede0
- Gene
- catalasee0
- Outcome
- catalase activitye0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“catalase activity was depressed in the salt-treated leaves”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl-treated leaves had the thickest lamina.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the NaCl-treated leaves had the thickest lamina”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl enlarged epidermal and mesophyll cells.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NaCle1
- Outcome
- size of epidermal and mesophyll cellse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an extensive increase of the size of epidermal and mesophyll cells”
e1“NaCl-treated leaves”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased the relative volume of intercellular spaces.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- relative volume of the intercellular spacese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase of the relative volume of the intercellular spaces in response to NaCl”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest sodium accumulation as a candidate explanation for differing saline and osmotic responses.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Compound
- Nae0
- Outcome
- distinct antioxidant and anatomical responsese0
- Qualifier
- between saline and osmotically generated stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na accumulation is the first candidate for the distinct antioxidant and anatomical responses between saline and osmotically generated stress”
t0“apple rootstock MM 106”
The same questions in other papers
glucitol · physiology: water · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
potassium chloride · physiology: water · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
mannitol · physiology: pigments · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.