Abstract
Germinated seeds of ‘kabuli’ chickpea cv. ICCV 4 were inoculated with a conidial suspension of the incompatible race 0 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris (Foc) or of nonhost F. oxysporum resistance ‘inducers’, and 3 days later were challenged by root dip with a conidial suspension of highly virulent Foc race 5. Prior inoculation with inducers delayed the onset of symptoms and/or significantly reduced the final amount of fusarium wilt caused by race 5. However, the extent of disease suppression varied with the nature of the inducing agent; the nonhost isolates of F. oxysporum were more effective at disease suppression than the incompatible Foc race 0. Inoculation with the inducers gave rise to synthesis of maackiain and medicarpin phytoalexins in inoculated seedlings; these did not accumulate in plant tissues but were released into the inoculum suspension. Inoculation with inducers also resulted in accumulation of chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase and peroxidase activities in plant roots. These defence‐related responses were induced more consistently and intensely by nonhost isolates of F. oxysporum than by incompatible Foc race 0. The phytoalexins and, to a lesser extent, the antifungal hydrolases, were also induced after challenge inoculation with Foc race 5. However, in this case the defence responses were induced in both preinduced and noninduced plants infected by the pathogen. It is concluded that the suppression of fusarium wilt in this study possibly involved an inhibitory effect on the pathogen of preinduced plant defences, rather than an increase in the expression of defence mechanisms of preinduced plants following a subsequent challenge inoculation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Prior inducer inoculation delayed wilt symptom onset.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- Prior inoculation with inducerse0
- Outcome
- onset of symptomse0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prior inoculation with inducers delayed the onset of symptoms”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior inducer inoculation significantly reduced final Fusarium wilt.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Prior inoculation with inducerse0
- Interactor
- race 5e0pathogen
- Outcome
- fusarium wilt caused by race 5e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prior inoculation with inducers delayed the onset of symptoms and/or significantly reduced the final amount of fusarium wilt caused by race 5”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonhost F. oxysporum isolates suppressed disease more effectively than incompatible Foc race 0.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- nonhost isolates of F. oxysporume0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- disease suppressione0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- incompatible Foc race 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“nonhost isolates of F. oxysporum were more effective at disease suppression than the incompatible Foc race 0”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Inducer inoculation elicited maackiain and medicarpin synthesis in seedlings.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with the inducerse0
- Outcome
- synthesis of maackiain and medicarpin phytoalexinse0
- Direction
- gave rise toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with the inducers gave rise to synthesis of maackiain and medicarpin phytoalexins in inoculated seedlings”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The phytoalexins were released into inoculum suspension rather than accumulated in tissues.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Organ / stage
- plant tissuese0
- Outcome
- released into the inoculum suspensione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these did not accumulate in plant tissues but were released into the inoculum suspension”
e1“maackiain and medicarpin phytoalexins”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Inducer inoculation increased chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase and peroxidase activities in roots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Organ / stage
- plant rootse0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with inducerse0
- Outcome
- chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase and peroxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with inducers also resulted in accumulation of chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase and peroxidase activities in plant roots”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonhost F. oxysporum isolates induced defense responses more consistently and intensely than Foc race 0.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- nonhost isolates of F. oxysporume0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- defence‐related responsese0
- Direction
- more consistently and intenselye0
- Comparator
- incompatible Foc race 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These defence‐related responses were induced more consistently and intensely by nonhost isolates of F. oxysporum than by incompatible Foc race 0”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Race 5 challenge induced phytoalexins and, less strongly, antifungal hydrolases.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- challenge inoculation with Foc race 5e0
- Interactor
- Foc race 5e0pathogen
- Outcome
- phytoalexins and, to a lesser extent, the antifungal hydrolasese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytoalexins and, to a lesser extent, the antifungal hydrolases, were also induced after challenge inoculation with Foc race 5”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Race 5 challenge induced defenses in both preinduced and noninduced plants.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- defence responses were inducede0
- Qualifier
- both preinduced and noninduced plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defence responses were induced in both preinduced and noninduced plants infected by the pathogen”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest preinduced defenses may inhibit the pathogen and suppress wilt.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- suppression of fusarium wilte0
- Qualifier
- inhibitory effect on the pathogen of preinduced plant defencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppression of fusarium wilt in this study possibly involved an inhibitory effect on the pathogen of preinduced plant defences”
t0“chickpea”
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