Abstract
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a highly infectious potexvirus and a major disease of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops worldwide. Damage and economic losses caused by PepMV vary greatly and can be attributed to differential symptomatology caused by different PepMV isolates. Here, we used a custom-designed Affymetrix tomato GeneChip array with probe sets to interrogate over 22,000 tomato transcripts to study transcriptional changes in response to inoculation of tomato seedlings with a mild and an aggressive PepMV isolate that share 99.4% nucleotide sequence identity. The two isolates induced a different transcriptomic response, despite accumulating to similar viral titers. PepMV inoculation resulted in repression of photosynthesis. In addition, defense responses were stronger upon inoculation with the aggressive isolate, in both cases mediated by salicylic acid signaling rather than by jasmonate signaling. Our results furthermore show that PepMV differentially regulates the RNA silencing pathway, suggesting a role for a PepMV-encoded silencing suppressor. Finally, perturbation of pigment biosynthesis, as shown by differential regulation of the flavonoid and lycopene biosynthesis pathways, was monitored. Metabolite analyses on mature fruits of PepMV-infected tomato plants, which showed typical fruit marbling, revealed a decrease in carotenoids, likely responsible for the marbled phenotype, and an increase in alkaloids and phenylpropanoids that are associated with pathogen defense in the yellow sectors of the fruit.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
PepMV inoculation repressed photosynthesis in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- PepMV inoculatione1
- Interactor
- PepMVPepino mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- photosynthesise1
- Direction
- repressione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of tomato seedlings with a mild and an aggressive PepMV isolate”
e1“PepMV inoculation resulted in repression of photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
The aggressive PepMV isolate induced stronger defense responses in tomato than the mild isolate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- aggressive PepMV isolatee0
- Interactor
- PepMVPepino mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- defense responsese2
- Direction
- strongere2
- Comparator
- milde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of tomato seedlings with a mild and an aggressive PepMV isolate”
e2“defense responses were stronger upon inoculation with the aggressive isolate”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense responses in tomato are mediated by salicylic acid signaling rather than jasmonate signaling.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Compound
- salicylic acide3
- Outcome
- defense responsese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of tomato seedlings with a mild and an aggressive PepMV isolate”
e2“defense responses were stronger upon inoculation with the aggressive isolate”
e3“mediated by salicylic acid signaling rather than by jasmonate signaling”
Claim · model-written summary
PepMV differentially regulates the tomato RNA silencing pathway.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- PepMVPepino mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- RNA silencing pathwaye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of tomato seedlings with a mild and an aggressive PepMV isolate”
e4“PepMV differentially regulates the RNA silencing pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato flavonoid and lycopene biosynthesis pathways are differentially regulated under PepMV inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- flavonoid and lycopene biosynthesis pathwayse5
- Qualifier
- differential regulatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of tomato seedlings with a mild and an aggressive PepMV isolate”
e5“differential regulation of the flavonoid and lycopene biosynthesis pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
PepMV-infected tomato fruits show a decrease in carotenoids.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- PepMV inoculatione1
- Outcome
- carotenoidse6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of tomato seedlings with a mild and an aggressive PepMV isolate”
e1“PepMV inoculation resulted in repression of photosynthesis”
e6“revealed a decrease in carotenoids”
Claim · model-written summary
PepMV-infected tomato fruits show an increase in alkaloids and phenylpropanoids.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- PepMV inoculatione1
- Outcome
- alkaloids and phenylpropanoidse7
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of tomato seedlings with a mild and an aggressive PepMV isolate”
e1“PepMV inoculation resulted in repression of photosynthesis”
e7“an increase in alkaloids and phenylpropanoids”
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