Abstract
In the absence of indigenous rhizobial populations, the pattern of competition between inoculum strains for nodule occupancy is found to be a stable characteristic, independent of rhizosphere population size, nitrogen application, or elevation. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), inoculated with peat-based rhizobia, were grown with three nitrogen levels at 320- and 150-m sites along an elevational transect on the island of Maui, Hawaii. Rhizosphere soil of 8-day-old plants was examined by immunofluorescence for populations of three strains each of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, which made up the inocula applied to the respective host legumes at planting. Nodules were examined for occupancy by specific strains at two sampling times. Site differences and nitrogen treatment had no significant effect on rhizosphere colonization or nodule occupancy by the three strains. The three inoculum strains colonized their respective host rhizosphere in approximately equal numbers. In soybean, strain TAL 102(USDA 110) occupied most of the nodules, while strain TAL 379 (USDA 1366) was the least competitive in nodule formation in all treatments. In common bean, TAL 182 outcompeted the other two strains in nodule formation, while TAL 1797 (CIAT 899) occupied the least number of nodules. High elevation decreased nodulation by soybean more than that by common bean. Nitrogen application reduced nodule number and mass of both legumes more at the low-elevation than the high-elevation site; the reductions in nodule mass were more pronounced in common bean. The pattern of nodule occupancy remained stable regardless of the differences in nodule number and mass between elevations, N levels, and sampling times. Key words: rhizobial ecology, rhizosphere colonization, interstrain competition, immunofluorescence, legumes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The pattern of competition between inoculum strains for nodule occupancy was a stable characteristic, independent of rhizosphere population size, nitrogen application or elevation.
- Taxon
- soybean and common bean
Glycine max
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Interactor
- inoculum strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- pattern of competition between inoculum strains for nodule occupancye0
- Qualifier
- independent of rhizosphere population size, nitrogen application, or elevatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean and common bean”
e0“the pattern of competition between inoculum strains for nodule occupancy is found to be a stable characteristic, independent of rhizosphere population size, nitrogen application, or elevation”
Claim · model-written summary
Site differences and nitrogen treatment had no significant effect on rhizosphere colonization or nodule occupancy by the three strains.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- nitrogen treatmente0
- Interactor
- three strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizosphere colonization or nodule occupancye0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean and common bean”
e0“Site differences and nitrogen treatment had no significant effect on rhizosphere colonization or nodule occupancy by the three strains”
Claim · model-written summary
The three inoculum strains colonized their respective host rhizosphere in approximately equal numbers.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- inoculum strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonized their respective host rhizosphere in approximately equal numberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean and common bean”
e0“The three inoculum strains colonized their respective host rhizosphere in approximately equal numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean, strain TAL 102 (USDA 110) occupied most of the nodules.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- TAL 102(USDA 110)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- occupied most of the nodulese0
- Direction
- moste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean and common bean”
e0“In soybean, strain TAL 102(USDA 110) occupied most of the nodules”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean, strain TAL 379 (USDA 1366) was the least competitive in nodule formation in all treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- TAL 379 (USDA 1366)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- least competitive in nodule formatione0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean and common bean”
e0“In soybean, strain TAL 102(USDA 110) occupied most of the nodules, while strain TAL 379 (USDA 1366) was the least competitive in nodule formation in all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In common bean, strain TAL 182 outcompeted the other two strains in nodule formation.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Interactor
- TAL 182e0symbiont
- Outcome
- outcompeted the other two strains in nodule formatione0
- Direction
- outcompetede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean and common bean”
e0“In common bean, TAL 182 outcompeted the other two strains in nodule formation”
Claim · model-written summary
In common bean, strain TAL 1797 (CIAT 899) occupied the least number of nodules.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Interactor
- TAL 1797 (CIAT 899)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- occupied the least number of nodulese0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean and common bean”
e0“In common bean, TAL 182 outcompeted the other two strains in nodule formation, while TAL 1797 (CIAT 899) occupied the least number of nodules”
Claim · model-written summary
High elevation decreased nodulation by soybean more than that by common bean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- High elevatione0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- more than that by common beane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High elevation decreased nodulation by soybean more than that by common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application reduced nodule number and mass of both legumes more at the low-elevation than at the high-elevation site.
- Taxon
- both legumese0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- nodule number and masse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- more at the low-elevation than the high-elevation sitee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application reduced nodule number and mass of both legumes more at the low-elevation than the high-elevation site”
Claim · model-written summary
The reductions in nodule mass from nitrogen application were more pronounced in common bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- nodule masse0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application reduced nodule number and mass of both legumes more at the low-elevation than the high-elevation site; the reductions in nodule mass were more pronounced in common bean”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →nitrogen · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.