Abstract
Hypocotyl collapse in dark-grown seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto was due to calcium deficiency. There was no evidence of an associated pathogen. The number of seedlings with hypocotyl collapse decreased and the mean hypocotyl length increased when increasing levels of calcium (0-100 micrograms per gram) were supplied in an external nutrient solution to seedlings grown under sterile conditions.When seedlings were supplied with a complete nutrient solution, containing calcium at 100 micrograms per gram, but minus potassium, magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphorus, occasional plants developed hypocotyl collapse symptoms; however, the lengths of hypocotyls varied little from those of controls grown in complete nutrient. When the calcium level in the deficient nutrient solutions was raised to 200 micrograms per gram, the number of plants with hypocotyl collapse was reduced markedly.With complete nutrient solution minus calcium, seedlings developed symptoms of calcium deficiency irrespective of seed size, i.e., irrespective of whether or not the seed contained a total calcium content that was low or relatively high.An increase in hypocotyl length in response to an external supply of calcium was obtained with five cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and with one of Soja max Piper. A similar response to calcium was obtained for epicotyl growth of a cultivar of Vicia faba L., but not for a cultivar of Pisum sativum L.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Hypocotyl collapse in dark-grown Pinto bean seedlings was attributed to calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Material
- Pintoe0
- Compound
- calciume0
- Outcome
- Hypocotyl collapsee0
- Qualifier
- dark-growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hypocotyl collapse in dark-grown seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto was due to calcium deficiency.”
Claim · model-written summary
No associated pathogen was detected in collapsed bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- no evidence of an associated pathogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no evidence of an associated pathogen.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing calcium supply reduced the number of bean seedlings with hypocotyl collapse.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of calcium (0-100 micrograms per gram)e0
- Outcome
- number of seedlings with hypocotyl collapsee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- sterile conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of seedlings with hypocotyl collapse decreased and the mean hypocotyl length increased when increasing levels of calcium (0-100 micrograms per gram) were supplied in an external nutrient solution to seedlings grown under sterile conditions.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing calcium supply increased mean hypocotyl length in bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of calcium (0-100 micrograms per gram)e0
- Outcome
- mean hypocotyl lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- sterile conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of seedlings with hypocotyl collapse decreased and the mean hypocotyl length increased when increasing levels of calcium (0-100 micrograms per gram) were supplied in an external nutrient solution to seedlings grown under sterile conditions.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Omission of potassium, magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen or phosphorus sometimes caused hypocotyl collapse.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- minus potassium, magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- occasional plants developed hypocotyl collapse symptomse0
- Comparator
- complete nutriente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When seedlings were supplied with a complete nutrient solution, containing calcium at 100 micrograms per gram, but minus potassium, magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphorus, occasional plants developed hypocotyl collapse symptoms; however, the lengths of hypocotyls varied little from those of controls grown in complete nutrient.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Omission of those nutrients changed hypocotyl length little relative to complete nutrient.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- minus potassium, magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- lengths of hypocotylse0
- Direction
- varied littlee0
- Comparator
- controls grown in complete nutriente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When seedlings were supplied with a complete nutrient solution, containing calcium at 100 micrograms per gram, but minus potassium, magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphorus, occasional plants developed hypocotyl collapse symptoms; however, the lengths of hypocotyls varied little from those of controls grown in complete nutrient.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising calcium in deficient solutions to 200 micrograms per gram markedly reduced hypocotyl collapse.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- calcium level in the deficient nutrient solutions was raised to 200 micrograms per grame0
- Outcome
- number of plants with hypocotyl collapsee0
- Direction
- reduced markedlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the calcium level in the deficient nutrient solutions was raised to 200 micrograms per gram, the number of plants with hypocotyl collapse was reduced markedly.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Without calcium, bean seedlings developed deficiency symptoms regardless of seed size or initial seed calcium.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- complete nutrient solution minus calciume0
- Outcome
- symptoms of calcium deficiencye0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of seed sizee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With complete nutrient solution minus calcium, seedlings developed symptoms of calcium deficiency irrespective of seed size, i.e., irrespective of whether or not the seed contained a total calcium content that was low or relatively high.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
External calcium increased hypocotyl length in five Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- five cultivarse0
- Treatment
- external supply of calciume0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in hypocotyl length in response to an external supply of calcium was obtained with five cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and with one of Soja max Piper.”
Claim · model-written summary
External calcium increased hypocotyl length in one Soja max cultivar.
- Taxon
- Soja max Pipere0
- Material
- onee0
- Treatment
- external supply of calciume0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“An increase in hypocotyl length in response to an external supply of calcium was obtained with five cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and with one of Soja max Piper.”
Claim · model-written summary
External calcium similarly increased epicotyl growth in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.
Vicia fabae0 - Treatment
- calciume0
- Outcome
- epicotyl growthe0
- Direction
- similar responsee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar response to calcium was obtained for epicotyl growth of a cultivar of Vicia faba L., but not for a cultivar of Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
External calcium did not elicit the same epicotyl growth response in Pisum sativum.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- calciume0
- Outcome
- epicotyl growthe0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar response to calcium was obtained for epicotyl growth of a cultivar of Vicia faba L., but not for a cultivar of Pisum sativum L.”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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See all 11 papers →magnesium atom · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
calcium atom · growth · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
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- positive
calcium atom · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
- positive
- positive
phosphorus · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
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nitrogen · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 24 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.