Abstract
• Cereal grains differ greatly in their reponses to anaerobiosis. Here, the in vivo conversion of carbohydrates to ethanol and CO2 under anoxia is reported for three cereal grains. • The conversion of glucose, fructose or sucrose to ethanol under anaerobic conditions was investigated in rice (Oryza sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains; alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) and pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1) activities were also analysed under aerobic and anaerobic incubation. • Our data suggest that rice grains are able to produce ethanol under anoxia for the whole period of anoxic treatment, whereas barley and wheat grains can produce this terminal product of fermentation only during the first days of anaerobiosis. The level of enzymes involved in the fermentation pathway increases strongly under anoxic conditions in all three cereals. • Conversion of hexose to CO2 is nearly unaffected by anoxia in wheat, barley and rice, whereas only rice grains are able to degrade and utilize sucrose efficiently under anoxia. By contrast, wheat and barley do not utilize sucrose efficiently under anaerobic conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grains produced ethanol throughout anoxic treatment.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- produce ethanole0
- Qualifier
- for the whole period of anoxic treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice grains are able to produce ethanol under anoxia for the whole period of anoxic treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley grains produced ethanol only during the first days of anaerobiosis.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- produce this terminal product of fermentatione0
- Qualifier
- only during the first days of anaerobiosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“barley and wheat grains can produce this terminal product of fermentation only during the first days of anaerobiosis”
e1“conversion of carbohydrates to ethanol and CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grains produced ethanol only during the first days of anaerobiosis.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- produce this terminal product of fermentatione0
- Qualifier
- only during the first days of anaerobiosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“barley and wheat grains can produce this terminal product of fermentation only during the first days of anaerobiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermentation-pathway enzyme levels increased strongly under anoxia in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- anoxic conditionse0
- Outcome
- level of enzymes involved in the fermentation pathwaye0
- Direction
- increases stronglye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of enzymes involved in the fermentation pathway increases strongly under anoxic conditions in all three cereals.”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermentation-pathway enzyme levels increased strongly under anoxia in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- anoxic conditionse0
- Outcome
- level of enzymes involved in the fermentation pathwaye0
- Direction
- increases stronglye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of enzymes involved in the fermentation pathway increases strongly under anoxic conditions in all three cereals.”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermentation-pathway enzyme levels increased strongly under anoxia in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- anoxic conditionse0
- Outcome
- level of enzymes involved in the fermentation pathwaye0
- Direction
- increases stronglye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of enzymes involved in the fermentation pathway increases strongly under anoxic conditions in all three cereals.”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Anoxia nearly did not affect hexose-to-CO2 conversion in wheat, barley, and rice.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and riceHordeum vulgareOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- anoxiae0
- Outcome
- Conversion of hexose to CO2e0
- Direction
- nearly unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conversion of hexose to CO2 is nearly unaffected by anoxia in wheat, barley and rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grains efficiently degraded and used sucrose under anoxia.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- degrade and utilize sucrose efficientlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only rice grains are able to degrade and utilize sucrose efficiently under anoxia”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat did not efficiently use sucrose under anaerobic conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- do not utilize sucrose efficientlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat and barley do not utilize sucrose efficiently under anaerobic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley did not efficiently use sucrose under anaerobic conditions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- do not utilize sucrose efficientlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat and barley do not utilize sucrose efficiently under anaerobic conditions”
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See all 46 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.