Abstract
Field trails in 2002 and 2003 were performed to determine the efficacy of maize flour-based granular formulations with ultralow rates of the naturally derived insecticide spinosad (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 g [AI]/ha), for control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in maize, Zea mays L., in southern Mexico. Spinosad formulations were compared with a chemical standard, a commercial granular formulation of chlorpyrifos (150 g [AI]/ha). In both years, application of spinosad resulted in excellent levels of control, indicated by the number of living S. frugiperda larvae recovered from experimental plots. The efficacy of spinosad applied at 0.3 and 1.0 g (AI)/ha was very similar to that of chlorpyrifos. Natural reinfestation caused S. frugiperda numbers in insecticide treated plots to return to values similar to the control treatmentby 10-15d postapplication. Many spinosad-intoxicated larvae collected in the field died later in the laboratory in 2002, but not in 2003. Percentage mortality due to parasitoid emergence did not differ in any treatment in either field trial. The number of parasitoids that emerged from S. frugiperda collected in each treatment was significantly reduced after application of spinosad (all rates) or chlorpyrifos due to a reduction in the number of host larvae. Parasitoid numbers returned to control values by 9-15 d postapplication in all treatments. The most prevalent parasitoid was the braconid Chelonus insularis Cresson, which represented approximately 80% of emerging parasitoids in both years. We conclude that appropriate formulation technology can greatly enhance the performance of this naturally derived, biorational insecticide.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad application controlled living S. frugiperda larvae in both years.
- Treatment
- application of spinosade0
- Interactor
- S. frugiperda
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Outcome
- number of living S. frugiperda larvaee0
- Direction
- controle0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In both years, application of spinosad resulted in excellent levels of control, indicated by the number of living S. frugiperda larvae recovered from experimental plots.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad at 0.3 g (AI)/ha matched chlorpyrifos efficacy.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of spinosad applied at 0.3 and 1.0 g (AI)/ha was very similar to that of chlorpyrifos.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad at 1.0 g (AI)/ha matched chlorpyrifos efficacy.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of spinosad applied at 0.3 and 1.0 g (AI)/ha was very similar to that of chlorpyrifos.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural reinfestation returned pest numbers in treated plots to control values by 10-15d.
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- S. frugiperda numberse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 10-15de0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Natural reinfestation caused S. frugiperda numbers in insecticide treated plots to return to values similar to the control treatmentby 10-15d postapplication.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad-intoxicated larvae collected in 2002 later died in the laboratory.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Many spinosad-intoxicated larvae collected in the field died later in the laboratory in 2002, but not in 2003.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The delayed larval deaths were not seen in 2003.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Many spinosad-intoxicated larvae collected in the field died later in the laboratory in 2002, but not in 2003.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitoid-emergence mortality percentage did not differ among treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage mortality due to parasitoid emergence did not differ in any treatment in either field trial.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad significantly reduced emerged parasitoid counts.
- Treatment
- application of spinosad (all rates)e0
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- number of parasitoidse0
- Direction
- significantly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of parasitoids that emerged from S. frugiperda collected in each treatment was significantly reduced after application of spinosad (all rates) or chlorpyrifos due to a reduction in the number of host larvae.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos significantly reduced emerged parasitoid counts.
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifose0
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- number of parasitoidse0
- Direction
- significantly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of parasitoids that emerged from S. frugiperda collected in each treatment was significantly reduced after application of spinosad (all rates) or chlorpyrifos due to a reduction in the number of host larvae.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitoid counts returned to control values by 9-15 days after treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parasitoid numbers returned to control values by 9-15 d postapplication in all treatments.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chelonus insularis comprised about 80% of emerging parasitoids.
- Interactor
- Chelonus insularis CressonChelonus insularise0other
- Outcome
- emerging parasitoidse0
- Value
- approximately 80%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most prevalent parasitoid was the braconid Chelonus insularis Cresson, which represented approximately 80% of emerging parasitoids in both years.”
t0“Maize”
The same questions in other papers
spinosad · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
25 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.