Abstract
Fruit set is a key component of essential oil yield from fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under Tasmanian conditions. Fruit set in commercial crops is often low, possibly due to incomplete pollination. Fennel flowers are strongly protandrous and a series of flowers must be produced to ensure pollination. The hypothesis tested was that decreasing stand density increases the number of lateral branches, thereby increasing the number of higher order umbels and thus increasing the overlap between the periods of pollen production and stigma receptivity. A field trial was used to examine the number of umbels of each order produced under stand densities of 4, 12, 25, 50 and 100 plants/m 2 . Stand density influenced the ratio of pollen producing to pollen receptive umbels and stand densities of 50 and 100 plants/m 2 showed a distinct imbalance between pollen production and stigma receptivity. The data collected supported the hypothesis and it is probable that, in commercial crops, fruit set is being reduced by a lack of synchrony between pollen production and stigma receptivity. The highest stand density tested reduced total oil production. We therefore recommend the inclusion of low stand-density strips within standard-density commercial crops.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
High fennel densities of 50 and 100 plants/m 2 had an imbalance between pollen production and stigma receptivity.
- Taxon
- fennel
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=60)
Anethum foeniculumt0 - Treatment
- stand densities of 50 and 100 plants/m 2e0
- Outcome
- imbalance between pollen production and stigma receptivitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“stand densities of 50 and 100 plants/m 2 showed a distinct imbalance between pollen production and stigma receptivity”
t0“Reducing Fennel Stand Density Increases Pollen Production, Improving Potential for Pollination and Subsequent Oil Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Stand density influenced the ratio of pollen-producing to pollen-receptive umbels.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- Stand densitye0
- Outcome
- ratio of pollen producing to pollen receptive umbelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stand density influenced the ratio of pollen producing to pollen receptive umbels”
t0“Reducing Fennel Stand Density Increases Pollen Production, Improving Potential for Pollination and Subsequent Oil Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The trial supported the hypothesis that lower density improves branch, umbel and reproductive overlap.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Outcome
- supported the hypothesise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The data collected supported the hypothesis”
t0“Reducing Fennel Stand Density Increases Pollen Production, Improving Potential for Pollination and Subsequent Oil Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that lack of pollen and stigma synchrony probably reduces fruit set in commercial fennel.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- lack of synchrony between pollen production and stigma receptivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is probable that, in commercial crops, fruit set is being reduced by a lack of synchrony between pollen production and stigma receptivity”
t0“Reducing Fennel Stand Density Increases Pollen Production, Improving Potential for Pollination and Subsequent Oil Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest tested density reduced total fennel oil production.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- highest stand density testede0
- Outcome
- total oil productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest stand density tested reduced total oil production”
t0“Reducing Fennel Stand Density Increases Pollen Production, Improving Potential for Pollination and Subsequent Oil Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend low-density strips within standard-density fennel crops.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Outcome
- inclusion of low stand-density strips within standard-density commercial cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We therefore recommend the inclusion of low stand-density strips within standard-density commercial crops”
t0“Reducing Fennel Stand Density Increases Pollen Production, Improving Potential for Pollination and Subsequent Oil Yield”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Anethum foeniculum (fennel)Positive and negative results
15 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.