Abstract
SummaryPrevious studies (Stavroulakis and Sfakiotakis, 1993) have shown an inhibition of propylene-induced ethylene production in kiwifruit below a critical temperature range of 11–14.8CC. The aim of this research was to identify the biochemical basis of this inhibition in kiwifruit below 11–14.8°C. ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit were treated with increasing propylene concentrations at 10 and 20°C. Ethylene biosynthesis pathways and fruit ripening were investigated. Kiwifruit at 20°C in ah started autocatalysis of ethylene production and ripened after 19 d with a concomitant increase in respiration. Ethylene production and the respiration rise appeared earlier with increased propylene concentrations. Ripening proceeded immediately after propylene treatment, while ethylene autocatalysis needed a lag period of 24#8212;72 h. The latter event was attributed to the delay found in the induction of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate synthase (ACC synthase) activity and consequently to the delayed increase of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) content. In contrast propylene treatment induced 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate oxidase (ACC oxidase) activity with no lag period. Moreover, transcription of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes was active only in ethylene-producing kiwifruit at 20CC. In contrast, treatment at 10°C with propylene strongly inhibited ethylene production, which was attributed to the low activities of both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase as well as the low initial ACC level. Interestingly, fruit treated with propylene at 10°C appeared to be able to transcribe the ACC oxidase but not the ACC synthase gene. However, propylene induced ripening of that fruit almost as rapidly as in the propylene-treated fruit at 20CC. Respiration rate was increased together with propylene concentration. It is concluded that kiwifruit stored at 20°C behaves as a typical climacteric fruit, while at 10°C behaves like a non-climacteric fruit. We propose that the main reasons for the inhibition of the propylene induced (autocatalytic) ethylene production in kiwifruit at low temperature (≤io°C), are primarily the suppression of the propylene-induced ACC synthase gene expression and the possible post-transcriptional modification of ACC oxidase.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
At 20°C, kiwifruit began ethylene autocatalysis, ripened after 19 d and increased respiration.
- Taxon
- Kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosae0 - Outcome
- autocatalysis of ethylene production and ripenede0
- Value
- 19 de0
- Setting
- 20°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit at 20°C in ah started autocatalysis of ethylene production and ripened after 19 d with a concomitant increase in respiration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing propylene concentration advanced the onset of ethylene production and respiratory rise.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- propylene concentrationse0
- Outcome
- Ethylene production and the respiration risee0
- Direction
- earliere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene production and the respiration rise appeared earlier with increased propylene concentrations.”
t0“kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ripening began immediately after propylene treatment, whereas ethylene autocatalysis lagged 24#8212;72 h.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- propylene treatmente0
- Outcome
- ethylene autocatalysis needed a lag periode0
- Value
- 24#8212;72 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ripening proceeded immediately after propylene treatment, while ethylene autocatalysis needed a lag period of 24#8212;72 h.”
t0“kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethylene autocatalysis lag was attributed to delayed ACC synthase induction and ACC accumulation.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Gene
- ACC synthasee0
- Compound
- 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC)e0
- Outcome
- delaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The latter event was attributed to the delay found in the induction of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate synthase (ACC synthase) activity and consequently to the delayed increase of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) content.”
t0“kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Propylene induced ACC oxidase activity without a lag.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- propylene treatmente0
- Gene
- ACC oxidasee0
- Outcome
- ACC oxidase) activitye0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“propylene treatment induced 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate oxidase (ACC oxidase) activity with no lag period.”
t0“kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC synthase and ACC oxidase gene transcription was active only in ethylene-producing kiwifruit at 20CC.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Gene
- ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genese0
- Outcome
- transcriptione0
- Setting
- 20CCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcription of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes was active only in ethylene-producing kiwifruit at 20CC.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10°C, propylene strongly inhibited kiwifruit ethylene production.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- propylenee0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- 10°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment at 10°C with propylene strongly inhibited ethylene production”
t0“kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity and initial ACC level were attributed as causes of inhibited ethylene production at 10°C.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Gene
- ACC synthase and ACC oxidasee0
- Compound
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- 10°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment at 10°C with propylene strongly inhibited ethylene production, which was attributed to the low activities of both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase as well as the low initial ACC level.”
t0“kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10°C under propylene, ACC oxidase but not ACC synthase was transcribed.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- propylenee0
- Gene
- ACC oxidasee0
- Outcome
- transcribe the ACC oxidase but not the ACC synthase genee0
- Setting
- 10°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit treated with propylene at 10°C appeared to be able to transcribe the ACC oxidase but not the ACC synthase gene.”
t0“kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Propylene-induced ripening at 10°C was nearly as rapid as at 20CC.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- propylenee0
- Outcome
- ripeninge0
- Direction
- almost as rapidlye0
- Comparator
- propylene-treated fruit at 20CCe0
- Setting
- 10°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“propylene induced ripening of that fruit almost as rapidly as in the propylene-treated fruit at 20CC.”
e1“fruit treated with propylene at 10°C”
t0“kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Respiration rate increased with propylene concentration.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- propylene concentratione0
- Outcome
- Respiration ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Respiration rate was increased together with propylene concentration.”
t0“kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Kiwifruit behaved as a typical climacteric fruit at 20°C.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Outcome
- typical climacteric fruite0
- Setting
- 20°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kiwifruit stored at 20°C behaves as a typical climacteric fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Kiwifruit behaved like a non-climacteric fruit at 10°C.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Outcome
- non-climacteric fruite0
- Setting
- 10°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 10°C behaves like a non-climacteric fruit”
e1“kiwifruit stored at 20°C behaves as a typical climacteric fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressed ACC synthase expression and possible post-transcriptional ACC oxidase modification were proposed to explain inhibition at low temperature.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Gene
- ACC synthasee0
- Outcome
- inhibition of the propylene induced (autocatalytic) ethylene productione0
- Qualifier
- possible post-transcriptional modification of ACC oxidasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition of the propylene induced (autocatalytic) ethylene production in kiwifruit at low temperature (≤io°C), are primarily the suppression of the propylene-induced ACC synthase gene expression and the possible post-transcriptional modification of ACC oxidase.”
The same questions in other papers
propene · physiology: hormones · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.