Paper · 1974 · Journal of Environmental Quality

Differing Sensitivity of Corn and Soybean Photosynthesis and Transpiration to Lead Contamination

F. A. Bazzaz; G. L. Rolfe; P. Windle

16
claims
21
verbatim quotes
77
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract Corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max L.) plants grown in media containing a range of Pb concentrations, supplied as PbCl 2 , showed decreased net photosynthesis and transpiration with increasing Pb treatment levels. At lower Pb treatment levels, corn appears to be more sensitive than soybeans. However, at high treatment levels (62.5–250 mg/plant) soybeans are more sensitive than corn. At 250 mg Pb/plant in the medium, photosynthesis is only 10% of maximum in soybeans but 47% in corn, even though corn Pb tissue content is much higher than that of soybeans. Transpiration exhibited similar trends to photosynthesis suggesting that, especially in corn, an appreciable part of the inhibition of the two processes is related to increased stomatal resistances with increased Pb concentrations. Lead accumulation trends were similar at treatment levels of 0 to 62.5 mg/plant but were slightly different at higher levels. The total amount of Pb accumulated was higher in corn than in soybeans. Maximum accumulation in both species occurred at 62.5 mg Pb/plant.

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Claims 16

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Corn net photosynthesis decreased as lead treatment increased.

Treatment
Pb concentrationse0
Outcome
net photosynthesise0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max L.) plants grown in media containing a range of Pb concentrations, supplied as PbCl 2 , showed decreased net photosynthesis and transpiration with increasing Pb treatment levels”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–232 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Corn transpiration decreased as lead treatment increased.

Treatment
Pb concentrationse0
Outcome
transpiratione0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max L.) plants grown in media containing a range of Pb concentrations, supplied as PbCl 2 , showed decreased net photosynthesis and transpiration with increasing Pb treatment levels”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–232 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soybean net photosynthesis decreased as lead treatment increased.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
Pb concentrationse0
Outcome
net photosynthesise0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max L.) plants grown in media containing a range of Pb concentrations, supplied as PbCl 2 , showed decreased net photosynthesis and transpiration with increasing Pb treatment levels”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–232 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soybean transpiration decreased as lead treatment increased.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
Pb concentrationse0
Outcome
transpiratione0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max L.) plants grown in media containing a range of Pb concentrations, supplied as PbCl 2 , showed decreased net photosynthesis and transpiration with increasing Pb treatment levels”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–232 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Corn was more sensitive than soybean at lower lead treatment levels.

Outcome
more sensitivee0
Direction
more sensitivee0
Qualifier
lower Pb treatment levelse0
Comparator
soybeanse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“At lower Pb treatment levels, corn appears to be more sensitive than soybeans”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 234–311 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soybean was more sensitive than corn at high lead treatment levels.

Taxon
soybeansGlycine maxe0
Outcome
more sensitivee0
Direction
more sensitivee0
Qualifier
62.5–250 mg/plante0
Comparator
corne0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“at high treatment levels (62.5–250 mg/plant) soybeans are more sensitive than corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 322–404 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 250 mg lead per plant, soybean photosynthesis was 10% of maximum.

Taxon
soybeansGlycine maxe0
Outcome
photosynthesise0
Value
10%e0
Qualifier
250 mg Pb/plante0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“At 250 mg Pb/plant in the medium, photosynthesis is only 10% of maximum in soybeans but 47% in corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 406–505 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 250 mg lead per plant, corn photosynthesis was 47% of maximum.

Outcome
photosynthesise0
Value
47%e0
Qualifier
250 mg Pb/plante0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“At 250 mg Pb/plant in the medium, photosynthesis is only 10% of maximum in soybeans but 47% in corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 406–505 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Corn had higher tissue lead content than soybean.

Outcome
Pb tissue contente0
Direction
much highere0
Comparator
soybeanse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“corn Pb tissue content is much higher than that of soybeans”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 519–578 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Transpiration followed trends similar to photosynthesis under lead treatment.

Outcome
Transpiratione0
Comparator
photosynthesise0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Transpiration exhibited similar trends to photosynthesis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 580–636 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn and Soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–41 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increased stomatal resistance was proposed as a contributor to photosynthesis and transpiration inhibition, especially in corn.

Outcome
inhibition of the two processese0
Qualifier
increased stomatal resistancese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“especially in corn, an appreciable part of the inhibition of the two processes is related to increased stomatal resistances with increased Pb concentrations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 654–810 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lead accumulation trends were similar across species at 0 to 62.5 mg per plant.

Outcome
Lead accumulation trendse0
Qualifier
0 to 62.5 mg/plante0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lead accumulation trends were similar at treatment levels of 0 to 62.5 mg/plant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 812–891 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn and Soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–41 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lead accumulation trends differed slightly at higher treatment levels.

Outcome
slightly differente0
Qualifier
higher levelse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“but were slightly different at higher levels”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 892–936 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn and Soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–41 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Corn accumulated more total lead than soybean.

Outcome
total amount of Pb accumulatede0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
soybeanse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The total amount of Pb accumulated was higher in corn than in soybeans”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 938–1008 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Corn lead accumulation peaked at 62.5 mg lead per plant.

Outcome
Maximum accumulatione0
Direction
Maximume0
Value
62.5 mg Pb/plante0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Maximum accumulation in both species occurred at 62.5 mg Pb/plant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1010–1075 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn and Soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–41 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soybean lead accumulation peaked at 62.5 mg lead per plant.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Outcome
Maximum accumulatione0
Direction
Maximume0
Value
62.5 mg Pb/plante0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Maximum accumulation in both species occurred at 62.5 mg Pb/plant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1010–1075 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn and Soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–41 · show in text ↑

lead atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

8 papers: 1 positive, 7 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

lead atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree

2 papers: 0 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
See all 2 papers →

lead atom · physiology: gas exchange · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

3 papers: 0 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
  2. negative
See all 3 papers →

lead atom · physiology: gas exchange · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree

3 papers: 0 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
  2. negative
See all 3 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.