Abstract
To gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms of sugar signaling in plants, the effect of derivatives of the transport sugar sucrose (Suc), the Suc isomers palatinose and turanose, and the Suc analog fluoro-Suc were tested. Photo-autotrophic suspension culture cells of tomato (Lycopersicon peruvianum) were used to study their effect on the regulation of marker genes of source and sink metabolism, photosynthesis, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Suc and glucose (Glc) resulted in reverse regulation of source and sink metabolism. Whereas the mRNA level of extracellular invertase (Lin6) was induced, the transcript level of small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RbcS) was repressed. In contrast, turanose, palatinose, and fluoro-Suc only rapidly induced Lin6 mRNA level, whereas the transcript level of RbcS was not affected. The differential effect of the metabolizable and non-metabolizable sugars on RbcS mRNA regulation was reflected by the fact that only Suc and Glc inhibited photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. The activation of different signal transduction pathways by sugars was further supported by the analysis of the activation of MAPKs. MAPK activity was found to be strongly activated by turanose, palatinose, and fluoro-Suc, but not by Suc and Glc. To analyze the role of sugars in relation to pathogen perception, an elicitor preparation of Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici was used. The strong activation of MAPKs and the fast and transient induction of Lin6 expresssion by the fungal elicitor resembles the effect of turanose, palatinose, and fluoro-Suc and indicates that non-metabolizable sugars are sensed as stress-related stimuli.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose and glucose resulted in reverse regulation of source and sink metabolism in tomato suspension cells.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Suc and glucose (Glc)e1
- Outcome
- source and sink metabolisme1
- Direction
- reverse regulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suspension culture cells of tomato”
e1“Suc and glucose (Glc) resulted in reverse regulation of source and sink metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose and glucose induced the mRNA level of extracellular invertase Lin6 in tomato cells.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Suc and glucose (Glc)e1
- Gene
- extracellular invertase (Lin6)e2
- Outcome
- mRNA levele2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suspension culture cells of tomato”
e1“Suc and glucose (Glc) resulted in reverse regulation”
e2“the mRNA level of extracellular invertase (Lin6) was induced”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose and glucose repressed the transcript level of the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RbcS) in tomato cells.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Suc and glucose (Glc)e1
- Gene
- ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RbcS)e2
- Outcome
- transcript levele2
- Direction
- repressede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suspension culture cells of tomato”
e1“Suc and glucose (Glc) resulted in reverse regulation”
e2“the transcript level of small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RbcS) was repressed”
Claim · model-written summary
Turanose, palatinose and fluoro-Suc only rapidly induced Lin6 mRNA level in tomato cells.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- turanose, palatinose, and fluoro-Suce1
- Gene
- Lin6e1
- Outcome
- Lin6 mRNA levele1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suspension culture cells of tomato”
e1“turanose, palatinose, and fluoro-Suc only rapidly induced Lin6 mRNA level, whereas the transcript level of RbcS was not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Turanose, palatinose and fluoro-Suc did not affect the RbcS transcript level in tomato cells.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- turanose, palatinose, and fluoro-Suce1
- Gene
- RbcSe1
- Outcome
- transcript level of RbcSe1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suspension culture cells of tomato”
e1“turanose, palatinose, and fluoro-Suc only rapidly induced Lin6 mRNA level, whereas the transcript level of RbcS was not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Only sucrose and glucose inhibited photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in tomato cells.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Suc and Glce1
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescencee1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suspension culture cells of tomato”
e1“only Suc and Glc inhibited photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence”
Claim · model-written summary
MAPK activity in tomato cells was strongly activated by turanose, palatinose and fluoro-Suc.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- turanose, palatinose, and fluoro-Suce1
- Outcome
- MAPK activitye1
- Direction
- strongly activatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suspension culture cells of tomato”
e1“MAPK activity was found to be strongly activated by turanose, palatinose, and fluoro-Suc”
Claim · model-written summary
MAPK activity in tomato cells was not activated by sucrose and glucose.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Suc and Glce1
- Outcome
- MAPK activitye1
- Direction
- but note1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suspension culture cells of tomato”
e1“MAPK activity was found to be strongly activated by turanose, palatinose, and fluoro-Suc, but not by Suc and Glc”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici elicitor strongly activated MAPKs in tomato cells.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- elicitor preparation of Fusarium oxysporum lycopersicie1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume1pathogen - Outcome
- activation of MAPKse2
- Direction
- strong activatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“suspension culture cells of tomato”
e1“an elicitor preparation of Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici was used”
e2“The strong activation of MAPKs and the fast and transient induction of Lin6 expresssion by the fungal elicitor”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici elicitor caused fast and transient induction of Lin6 expression in tomato cells.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- elicitor preparation of Fusarium oxysporum lycopersicie1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum lycopersiciFusarium oxysporume1pathogen
- Gene
- Lin6e2
- Outcome
- Lin6 expresssione2
- Direction
- fast and transient inductione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suspension culture cells of tomato”
e1“an elicitor preparation of Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici was used”
e2“The strong activation of MAPKs and the fast and transient induction of Lin6 expresssion by the fungal elicitor”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that non-metabolizable sugars are sensed as stress-related stimuli.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- non-metabolizable sugarse1
- Outcome
- sensed as stress-related stimulie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suspension culture cells of tomato”
e1“non-metabolizable sugars are sensed as stress-related stimuli”
The same questions in other papers
glucose · molecular: expression · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.